Stress & Well-being at Work: Chapter 6 Flashcards
stress - can be good or bad
unconscious preparation to fight or flee that a person experiences when faced with any demand
- increase level of work stress
stressor
person or event that triggers the stress response
distress or strain
adverse psychological, physical, behavioural, and organizational consequences that may occur as a result of stressful events
homeostasis approach to stress
body was designed with natural defence mechanisms to keep it in homeostasis
cognitive appraisal (perception) approach to stress
individuals differ in their appraisal of events and people
person-fit appraoch to stress
- good person–environment fit occurs when a person’s skills and abilities match a clearly defined, consistent set of role expectations
- stress occurs when the role expectations are confusing and/or conflict with a person’s skills and abilities
psychoanalytic approach to stress
- ego-ideal:
the embodiment of a person’s perfect self - self-image:
how the person really sees him- or herself, both positively and negatively
work stress
caused both by factors in the work environment and by nonwork (external) pressures that “spill over” into the workplace.
work demands
- task demands
- role demands
- interpersonal demands
-physical demands
nonwork demands
- home demands
- personal demands (workaholism is included)
Linking Stress Sources to Negative Consequences
Job Demand-Control-Support Model
Effort–Reward Imbalance Model
Job Demand-Control-Support Model
asserts that high demands (work or nonwork), low control, and low support all contribute to strain
Effort–Reward Imbalance Model (ERI)
- reciprocity model
- says people look for a balance between what they put out and what they receive in return
ERI research demonstrates that…
high effort–reward imbalance = associated with:
- higher risk for depression
- anxiety
- psychotropic drug consumption
- cardiovascular disease
- neck and back injuries
personality hardiness
commitment, control, and challenge
resilience
- akin to hardiness
- ineffable quality that allows some people to be knocked down by life and come back stronger than ever
transformational coping
- actively changing an event into something less subjectively stressful by viewing it in a broader life perspective
- by altering the course and outcome of the event through action, and/or by achieving a greater understanding of the process
self-reliance
personality attribute related to how people form and maintain supportive attachments with others
counter dependence
- unhealthy, insecure pattern of behaviour that leads to separation in relationships with other people
- will go to great lengths to avoid asking for help
overdependence
people respond to stressful and threatening situations by clinging to other people in any way possible
preventive stress management
organizational approach about people and organizations taking joint responsibility for promoting health and preventing distress and strain
primary prevention
intended to reduce, modify, or eliminate the demand or stressor causing stress
secondary prevention
intended to alter or modify the individual’s or the organization’s response to a demand or stressor
tertiary prevention
intended to heal individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain
