STRESS- Stress 2 Flashcards
Name some non dental illnesses aggravated by stress
- Heart failure
- Gastro esophogeal reflux disease
- Asthma
- Psoriasis, acne
- Back problems
- Diabetes
- depression, anxiety
- Irritable bowel syndrome
List some dental conditions aggravated by stress
- Periodontal disease
- Aphthous ulceration
- Acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis
- Temporomandibular joint disorders
- Bruxism
- Burning mouth syndrome
- Recurrent herders labialis
What is Acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis characterised by?
- Gingival necrosis
- Ulceration
- Pain
- Bleeding
What is Temporomandibular joint disorders
Tightening of facial or jaw muscle can be associated with bruxism
What is burning mouth syndrome
Intra oral burning sensation with no obvious cause
Does stress effect the development of caries
No there is no evidence
BUT maladaptive behaviour to cope with stress may influence development of caries
Describe short term stress response
- Increased heart rate
- Increased blood pressure
- Bronchioles dilate
- Liver converts glycogen to glucose and releases glucose to blood
- Blood flow changes reducing digestive system activity and urine output
- Increased metabolic rate
Where is stress perceived?
The limbic system of the brain
How is short term stressed perceived
- Perceived in the limbic system
- The stress is then conveyed through nerve impulses
- These travel through the spinal cord and preganglionic sympathetic fibres
- Travels to the adrenal medulla
What happens when stress is detected by the adrenal medulla
Secretes amino acid based hormones (epinephrine, norepinephrine)
How is long term stressed perceived
- Perceived in the limbic system
- Hypothalamus releases corticotropin- releasing hormone
- These travel to the corticotropin cells of the anterior pituitary
- CRH prompts these cells to release adreno corticotropin hormone (ACTH)
- ACTH travels through the blood to the adrenal cortex
- Prompts adrenal context to secrete steroid hormone
- Mineralocorticoids and Glucocorticoids released
What is ACTH?
adreno corticotropin hormone
Name the 2 steroids produced by the adrenal cortex in response to long term stress
- Mineralocorticoids
2. Glucocorticoids
What affect to Mineralocorticoids have?
- Kidneys retain sodium and water
2. Blood volume and blood pressure rise
What affect to Glucocorticoids have?
- Proteins and fats converted to glucose or broken down for energy
- Blood glucose increases
- Immune system suppressed
What is another term for the short term stress response?
- The neural pathway
2. Sympathetic adrenal medullary pathway (SAM pathway)
How quick is the SAM pathway
Milliseconds
What is another term for the long term stress response?
- Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA AXIS)
- Limbic hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (LHPA)
- Endocrine pathway
When does the HPA axis and endocrine pathway occur
ONLY when you are exposed to chronic stress of stress over a long period of time
When does the SAM pathway and LHPA axis occur?
When you exposed to acute stress
What is the difference between the SAM pathway and LHPA axis?
LHPA axis is slower
When did scientist start studying stress in more detail
After WW2
What concept did scientist first come up with regarding stress
The General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Name the 3 phases of the GAS concept
- Alarm reaction
- Resistance
- Exhaustion
Describe the alarm reaction phase of the GAS concept
Shock then counter shock
The person is thrown into emergency reaction
If successful body balance will be restored
Describe the resistance phase of the GAS concept
Defence and adaptation is maximised ignorer to co exist with the stress
Describe the exhaustion phase of the GAS concept
Adaptive responding ceases
Illness or death may follow
Give some symptoms and signs of the alarm phase of the GAS concept
BP down
Resistance lowered
THEN COUNTER SHOCK: Stress hormones released Adrenaline released HR and BP up Preparing for high to flight
What does long term stress eventually lead to?
Leads to a reduction in immune cells sensitivity to cortisol
What does GAS stand for in the GAS concept
The General Adaptation Syndrome
What is the HPA axis
Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (long term stress response)
What is the SAM pathway?
The sympathetic adrenal medullary pathway (short term stress response)
What is the LHPA axis?
Limbic Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (long term stress response)
What does GAS stand for in the GAS concept
The General Adaptation Syndrome
