stress incontinence

Question 1

Marge is a seventy-year-old woman who has 7 children. She has noticed that she now has issues with retaining her urine especially when she laughs or sneezes. What is her diagnosis and options?

Answer 1

She is suffering from stress incontinence. For the short term she could use an adult diaper and seek medical treatment by being given an anticholinergic medication if she doesn’t have any contraindications such as glaucoma or ulcerative colitis.)

Question 2

stress incontinence- (Urinary incontinence)-

Answer 2

The pelvic floor is a group of muscles in the floor of the pelvic area. These muscles support the organs in the pelvis, and some form a sling around the rectum and vagina.

Question 3

Measurement of GFR(Glomerular filtration rate)-

Answer 3

Creatinine Clearance Test Is used to estimate GFR A more accurate GFR test uses inulin

Question 4

Hormonal Regulation of the GFR

Answer 4

By hormones of the: Renin–angiotensin-aldosterone system

Question 5

Causes: untreated lower UTI, structural abnormalities of ureters, kidney stones, vesicoureteral reflux
Risk factors: same as for lower UTI; structural abnormalities of ureters; bladder nerve damage
Symptoms: fever/flu-like, back/flank /abdominal pain, frequent urination, dysuria, hematuria
Complications: permanent kidney damage/failure, septicemia Treatment: antibiotics, avoiding chemical irritant Chronic, possible surgery to correct structural abnormality

Answer 5

Pyelonephritis (kidney infection)

Question 6

Cystitis (bladder), urethritis, interstitial cystitis (chronic) Symptoms: hematuria, cloudy odorous urine, dysuria, fever, frequent/urgent urination, discomfort/pressure in pelvis, weakness/lethargy/confusion

Answer 6

Signs and symptoms of a UTI-

Question 7

Causes of UTI

Answer 7

: bacterial infection most often

Reaction to drugs, chemo/ radiation tx; Chemical products: spermicides, creams Risk factors: women > men, sexual activity, use of diaphragms and/or spermicides;

Question 8

Muscle dystrophy-

Answer 8

degeneration of skeletal muscle; wasting and weakness

Question 9

muscle paralysis, prevents the release of Ach causing flaccid paralysis. Due to food poisoning from cans.

Answer 9

Botumlism=

Question 10

muscle spasms or spasms of respiratory muscles, puncture wounds, umbilical stump of newborns

Answer 10

Tetanus-

Question 11

Signs and symptoms of myasthenia gravis-

Answer 11

autoimmune disorder, muscle weakness, difficulties with vision, chewing, speaking and swallowing, respiratory failure, tumors of thymus and thymic hyperplasia
Notable sig-drooping eyelid

Question 12

What is MRSA

Answer 12

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body. Most often, it causes mild infections on the skin, like sores or boils. But it can also cause more serious skin infections or infect surgical wounds, the bloodstream, the lungs, or the urinary tract

Question 13

MRSA precautions

Answer 13

1. Perform hand hygiene after touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, and contaminated items, whether or not gloves are worn.
2. When hands are visibly soiled with blood or other body fluids, wash hands with soap and water.