PRt

Question 1

What substance is secreted by osteocytes which influences osteoblast activity?-

Answer 1

. sclerostin which is high when there is no stress
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Question 2

Ligaments involved with Tommy John surgery.-

Answer 2

Unlner Collateral (UCL)
This procedure, more formally known as UCL (Ulnar Collateral Ligament) reconstruction, is designed to repair a torn elbow ligament— an injury typically caused by strong, repetitive overhead throwing motions of the arm.

Question 3

Hormones that control calcium levels

Answer 3

Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone regulate calcium and phosphate levels

The hormone calcitriol- Made in the kidneys -Helps absorb calcium and phosphorus from digestive tract - Synthesis requires vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)

Question 4

Nephritic vs nephrotic syndrom

Answer 4

Nephrotic syndrome is an excess amount of protein in the urine,

Nephritic syndrome is where the excess amount of blood is in the urine.

Question 5

Intrusion, avoidance, hyperarousal, Memory problems are all symptoms of

Answer 5

PTSD

Question 6

ELaborate on the systems of PTSD

Answer 6

Intrusion – occurrence of flashbacks during waking or nightmares

Avoidance – emotional numbing that disrupts personal relationships, Depression, survivor guilt;

Hyperarousal – increased irritability and exaggerated startle reflex

Memory problems, sleep disturbances and anxiety

Question 7

Examples of acute stressors

Answer 7

occurs over short time and does not recur. Reactions involve ANS, result from psychologic or physiologic events; acute responses may be life-saving for most, but detrimental for people with limited coping abilities due to physical/mental health issues

Question 8

Ulcerative colitis

Answer 8

there is continuous inflammation of the colon.

Question 9

Ulcerative colitis only affects the

Answer 9

inner most lining of the colon while Crohn’s disease can occur in all the layers of the bowel wall

Question 10

Crohn’s Disease The cause

Answer 10

the cause of Crohn’s disease is unknown. It is likely due to an abnormal response of the immune system leading t an exaggerated response. All layers of the bowel are involved Mostly located in the distal ileum Inflammatory condition skips healthy tissue followed by diseased tissue

Question 11

Diarrhea. Fever. Fatigue. Abdominal pain and cramping. Blood in the stool. Mouth sores. Reduced appetite and weight loss. Pain or drainage near or around the anus due to inflammation from a tunnel into the skin (fistula) due to diarrhea

Answer 11

Symptoms of Crohn’s

Question 12

These are the 9 most common signs and symptoms of celiac disease.

Answer 12

Diarrhea Bloating. Bloating is another common symptom with celiac disease experience. Gas. Fatigue. Weight Loss. Iron-Deficiency Anemia. Constipation. Depression.

Question 13

a serious autoimmune disorder that can occur in genetically predisposed people where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine.

Answer 13

Celiac Disease