Stress & Illness 4 Flashcards
Learning through experience example (helps manage stress)
Experienced parachute jumpers experience stress before jump- motivates preparation.
Inexperienced- stressed at time.
Time course of stress differs in function of experience
Stress
When demands accede ability to cope
Stress management
Change/improves peoples coping via specific techniques
2 types of coping
Problem
Emotional
Managing physical symptoms
Somatic: arousal management (eg relaxation)
Managing mental symptoms
…
Behavioural stress management
Relaxation Desensitisation Exercise Social modelling Biofeedback
Medication for extreme stress (mental health disorders)
Benzodiazepines
Beta blockers
Benzodiazepine effect:
Activate NT that ⬇️ neural transmission in CNS
Beta blocker effect:
Blocks activity stim by A/NA
Red anxiety & BP
Acts in PNS (less drowsy)
Systematic desensitisation:
Reduces fear & anxiety
Phobias (eg snakes)
Exposure & relaxation
Learn to have a different response
Biofeedback:
Receive feedback about how they are feeling
Social modelling/learning
People learn by observing others
Can learn how to deal with stressful situations by observing appropriate/inappropriate behaviours
How does except use reduce stress?
Relaxation component
Reduces muscle tension/anger/aggression
Team sports- social
Combination
Cognitive restructuring
Develop better appraisal (say it’s not stressful)
Coping strategies/styles
Problem solving training
Learn strategies to identify, discover, inventing ways to deal
SIT
Stress inoculation training
Matched to individual
….
Other methods of relaxation
Massage
Meditation
Hypnosis
(All short term, have to practice regularly to benefit)
What has longer term benefits: somatic arousal management or cognitive coping management?
Cognitive
Multidimensional approaches more effective (som, cog, behaviour)
Social support is important in
Mortality
Morbidity
Recovery time
Illness susceptibility
Subgroup that particularly benefit from social support
Those who have just lost a loved one/ been diagnosed with illness
Adjustment to breast cancer, coping strategies:
Education- informational support
(Gets rid of irrational facts communicated in support groups)
Peer discussion- emotional support (just peer actually makes things worse)
COMBINATION of both- especially info
3 factors of time management:
Organising (set reasonable goals, ‘to do list)
Prioritising
Scheduling (new task arises- adjust accordingly)
Rational emotive therapy
Encourage assertiveness, time managements
Relaxation & desensitisation
Name an example if primary intervention
Organisational changes
Name an example of tertiary intervention
Counselling
