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brain, mind, behaviour > Stress, arousal and circadian rhythms > Flashcards

Stress, arousal and circadian rhythms Flashcards

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1
Q

how can someones self esteem effect their stress levels

A

people with low self esteem have high stress levels

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2
Q

what is the most stress inducing scenario a person can be in and who founded it

A

Dickerson & Kemeny 2004, motivated performance + uncontrollability + social evaluation threat

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3
Q

what is the trier social stress test

A

it is when a participant is placed in front of 3 professionals, the participant has to present a topic that the 3 professionals are experienced in. The room is full of cameras and microphones. The participant has a period of time to create a presentation on the subject. The 3 professionals must not show any emotion at all. The participants then need to present their presentation. The participant must also do an arithmetic test.

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4
Q

what is said to be the most stressful part of the trier social stress test

A

the anticipatory period

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5
Q

where is cortisol typically found

A

the hippocampus & prefrontal cortex

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6
Q

what does the amygdala do when we’re stressed

A

it hijacks the brain

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7
Q

what is emphasised when the amygdala hijacks the brain during stress

A

you perceive threat more, you have more anxiety, we have nightmares

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8
Q

what part of the brain’s is most effected when someone suffers from chronic and acute stress

A

the hippocampus and frontal cortex

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9
Q

what kind of memories does the hippocampus store and create

A

episodic memories

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10
Q

how does being stressed effect your ability to create new memories

A

it helps create and save memories

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11
Q

what is flashbulb memories

A

they’re very powerful and strong memories

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12
Q

does stress make you focus on one thing

A

yes

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13
Q

why is it helpful that stress effects our creation of memories

A

in a stressful situation, we’re more likely to remember a lot of it, this is a survival technique, if we remember all parts of a stressful situation, we’re going to refer back to that when we’re put into a similar stressful situation so we don’t make the same mistakes

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14
Q

when we’re stressed, does it make it harder or easier to recall memories

A

harder

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15
Q

what are the effects of having blunt cortisol stress reactivity

A

lower cognitive ability, more rapid cognitive decline, poor lung functions

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16
Q

what are the effects of having exaggerated cortisol stress reactivity

A

hypertension, coronary artery calcification (after 3 years)

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17
Q

is it better to have a small amount of cortisol or a larger amount

A

neither, you need to have a good balance because both cause bad health issues

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18
Q

what area of the brain structure is most effected by stresss

A

the hippocampus

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19
Q

what mental health disorder causes the structure of the hippocampus to change

A

depression

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20
Q

what is hypothesis

A

the theory that memories are impaired so we are unable to recall them so we don’t cause ourselves stress over it

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21
Q

how are women’s cortisol levels who suffer with depression and or anxiety

A

blunted

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22
Q

how are mens cortisol levels who suffer with depression and or anxiety

A

enhanced

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23
Q

what mental health condition in both men and women blunts cortisol levels

A

schizophrenia

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24
Q

what is the circadian rhythm

A

the biological rhythm

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25
Q

what things does the circadian rhythm control

A

wake/sleep, frequency of eating & drinking, body temperature, secretion of certain hormones, volume of urine, sensitivity to certain drugs, balance of immune system

26
Q

what is happening in you circadian rhythm in the early morning

A

deep sleep, body temp trough, melatonin levels decrease, cortisol levels increase,

27
Q

when is cortisol at its peak in your circadian rhythm

A

when you’re waking up in the morning

28
Q

what is happening in you circadian rhythm in the early afternoon

A

high alertness, no melatonin, cortisol levels gradually decreasing

29
Q

what is happening in you circadian rhythm in the evening

A

peak muscle strength, body temp at peak, melatonin levels are increasing, cortisol trough

30
Q

what is the cycle of alertness in the circadian rhythm

A

increases during the day and then decreases towards the end

31
Q

what is the cycle of your body temp in the circadian rhythm

A

Boyd temp increases throughout the day and then decreases by the end

32
Q

what is the cycle of melatonin in the circadian rhythm

A

non-existent all day till late afternoon

33
Q

what is the cycle of cortisol in the circadian rhythm

A

it peaks at the start of the day and decreases throughout

34
Q

what stimuli regulates the circadian rhythm

A

sun light

35
Q

how does the circadian rhythm explain jet lag

A

when e go to a different country and the sun shines at differentiate compared to back home, our body clock is still set to our time zone

36
Q

what is zeitgeber

A

it is when you reset the biological rhythm

37
Q

what are some example of zeitgeber

A

eating at a different time, being out with friends late, noise, temperature

38
Q

what re the two main parts of the hypothalamus that help regulate the circadian rhythm

A

the paraventricular nucleus and the suprachiasmatic nucleus

39
Q

what does the paraventricular nucleus do

A

it helps rest the circadian rhythm, notifies the suprachiasmatic nucleus

40
Q

what does the suprachiasmatic nucleus do

A

it tells the brain what to do in regards to the circadian rhythm, it keeps everything synchronised

41
Q

what pathways does the suprachiasmatic nucleus use to do its job around the brain

A

neuronal pathways and secreted neuromodulators

42
Q

what is the circadian system model

A

light –> input (the input pathway that resets the clock) –> oscillator –> output (the output pathway that translates the oscillator into behavioural and physiological rhythms)

43
Q

where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus placed in the brain

A

it id paved between the visual and the neuroendocrine pathways

44
Q

what is the retinochypothalamic pathway

A

it is a pathway that carries epochal cells to detect light and send the info to the suprachiasmatic nucleus

45
Q

what chemical mediates the special photoreceptors in our eyes that detect light for the circadian rhythm

A

melanospin

46
Q

what is the relationship between the SCN and PN

A

the SCN influences the PN for HPA access

47
Q

what would a healthy sleep patterns profile look like

A

a steep profile

48
Q

what is the cortisol awakening response

A

it is the rapid increase of cortisol when someone wakes up

49
Q

how long does the cortisol awakening response last

A

30-40 minutes

50
Q

how does age effect the cortisol awakening response

A

it decreases with age

51
Q

is cortisol light sensitive

A

yes

52
Q

how is CAR related to seasonal effective disorder

A

it effects it in the winter and not summer

53
Q

what factors impact CAR

A

light, waking times, prior day experiences, anticipation of challenge, ovulation, alcohol consumption

54
Q

how is CAR effected by waking times

A

the earlier you wake up the more CAR

55
Q

how does anticipation of challenge effect CAR

A

it increases it

56
Q

how does prior day experiences effect CAR

A

a good day increases your morning CAR

57
Q

what is the boost theory for CAR

A

CAR is made for survival so we are ready in the morning

58
Q

how does the days of the week effect CAR

A

on weekdays you have more CAR

59
Q

how is CAR distributed

A

through the SCN

60
Q

what is the process of the CAR being produced

A

light–>retina–>SCN–>PV-CRH->Anterior pituitary-ACTH->adrenal cortex –>cortisol secretion

brain, mind, behaviour (11 decks)

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