Stress Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of stress

A

discrepancy between perceived demands and perceived ability to cope

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2
Q

Endocrine

A

hormonal

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3
Q

Release of adrenaline and noradrenaline causes…

A

1) Glucose metabolism (energy increases in muscles)
2) increasing cardiac activity
3) increasing blood pressure
- > body prepares for fight-or-flight response

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4
Q

Release of steroid stress hormones causes…

A

1) Stored fats and proteins are converted into energy
2) suppression of the immune system
3) increased calcium release in the brain causes higher brain alertness

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5
Q

Steroid stress hormones include…

A

1) Glucocorticoids

Others are cortisol, cortisone, hydrocortisone, corticosterone

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6
Q

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis (HPA axis)

A

mediates the endocrine and central nervous system stress response

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7
Q

adrenal glands

A

located above the kidneys
release steroids from their cortex (outside layer)
release (nor)adrenaline from their medulla (inside layer)

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8
Q

pituitary gland

A

located in brain

releases adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

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9
Q

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

A

released from the pituitary gland, activates the adrenal glands

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10
Q

hypothalamus

A

located in brain

releases adrenocorticotrophic hormone-releasing factor (ACTH-RF) or Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)

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11
Q

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone-releasing factor (ACTH-RF) or Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)

A

released from the hypothalamus, activates the pituitary gland

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12
Q

Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)

A

=Adrenocorticotrophic hormone-releasing factor (ACTH-RF)

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13
Q

Describe sensitivity of HPA system

A

highly sensitive to change, only mild unexpected stimuli trigger the release of CRH and the secretion of corticosterone,
but if the stimulus is harmless, activation quickly dies away without negative impacts,
if the stimulus is persistently perceived as requiring high vigilance, then higher brain centres override any negative feedback from corticosterone and the endocrine response continues

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14
Q

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

additional stress response triggered by the hypothalamus, activates the adrenal medulla and thus release of (nor)adrenaline

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15
Q

Health risks of prolonged stress

A

Prolonged elevation of glucocorticoid levels can lead to diabetes, cancer, ulcers, increased blood cholesterol and even a shrinkage of the hippocampus

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