Sleep

Question 1

Polygraph

Answer 1

measuring electrical brain activity in a wave format

Question 2

EEG

Answer 2

Electroencephalogram: records brain wave activity

Question 3

EMG

Answer 3

Electromyogram: records muscle activity

Question 4

EOG

Answer 4

Electrooculogram: records eye movement

Question 5

Wave format measure details

Answer 5

Amplitudes in millivolts, Frequency in Hertz

Question 6

2 phases of sleeping states

Answer 6

Non-REM and REM

Question 7

Non-REM: state of rest

Answer 7

reduced muscle tension and movement
low body temperature and energy consumption
increase in parasympathetic division of the nervous system (rest-and-digest)

Question 8

Non-REM EEG characteristic

Answer 8

Delta-waves: high amplitude, low frequency

Question 9

REM: state of dreaming

Answer 9

high oxygen consumption in the brain
no muscle movement
irregular sympathetic neural activity in the brain
eye movement

Question 10

REM EEG characteristics

Answer 10

dominantly Beta-waves: low amplitude, high frequency (~20 Hz)

Question 11

division of the sleep cycle

Answer 11

75% Non-REM, REM stage is entered multiple times during the night

Question 12

Stage 1 Transitional sleep

Answer 12

lasts for a few minutes
light sleep
alpha-waves (waking state) slow down to theta-waves
amplitude increases

Question 13

Stage 2 Deeper sleep

Answer 13

lasts 5-15 minutes
eye movement stops, muscles relax
theta-waves with presence of spindles
high frequency

Question 14

Stage 3 Deep sleep

Answer 14

eye and body movement nearly absent
delta-waves
large amplitudes

Question 15

Stage 4 REM

Answer 15

rapid eye movement
beta-waves
high frequency

Question 16

Theories why we sleep

Answer 16

1) Restoration
2) Circadian theory
3) Adaptation (sleeping keeps us safe)

Question 17

Functions of REM

Answer 17

deprivation of REM leads to more pressure to enter it

1) prevents the brain from comatose
2) sleep lightens to increase awareness of the environment
3) learning and memory, consolidation of memory

Question 18

Reticular Formation

Answer 18

located in brain stem

includes the raphe nuclei

Question 19

Raphe nuclei

Answer 19

stimulation wakes up a sleeper
producing serotonin
involved in the production of Acetylcholine and (nor)adrenaline

Question 20

dreaming brain active areas

Answer 20

visual cortex

hippocampus (memory)

Question 21

dreaming brain inactive areas

Answer 21

parietal cortex and prefrontal cortex