Sleep Flashcards
Polygraph
measuring electrical brain activity in a wave format
EEG
Electroencephalogram: records brain wave activity
EMG
Electromyogram: records muscle activity
EOG
Electrooculogram: records eye movement
Wave format measure details
Amplitudes in millivolts, Frequency in Hertz
2 phases of sleeping states
Non-REM and REM
Non-REM: state of rest
reduced muscle tension and movement
low body temperature and energy consumption
increase in parasympathetic division of the nervous system (rest-and-digest)
Non-REM EEG characteristic
Delta-waves: high amplitude, low frequency
REM: state of dreaming
high oxygen consumption in the brain
no muscle movement
irregular sympathetic neural activity in the brain
eye movement
REM EEG characteristics
dominantly Beta-waves: low amplitude, high frequency (~20 Hz)
division of the sleep cycle
75% Non-REM, REM stage is entered multiple times during the night
Stage 1 Transitional sleep
lasts for a few minutes
light sleep
alpha-waves (waking state) slow down to theta-waves
amplitude increases
Stage 2 Deeper sleep
lasts 5-15 minutes
eye movement stops, muscles relax
theta-waves with presence of spindles
high frequency
Stage 3 Deep sleep
eye and body movement nearly absent
delta-waves
large amplitudes
Stage 4 REM
rapid eye movement
beta-waves
high frequency
Theories why we sleep
1) Restoration
2) Circadian theory
3) Adaptation (sleeping keeps us safe)
Functions of REM
deprivation of REM leads to more pressure to enter it
1) prevents the brain from comatose
2) sleep lightens to increase awareness of the environment
3) learning and memory, consolidation of memory
Reticular Formation
located in brain stem
includes the raphe nuclei
Raphe nuclei
stimulation wakes up a sleeper
producing serotonin
involved in the production of Acetylcholine and (nor)adrenaline
dreaming brain active areas
visual cortex
hippocampus (memory)
dreaming brain inactive areas
parietal cortex and prefrontal cortex
