Stress Flashcards
What is Stress
Changes in your normal balanced stated, associated with changes in physical or social environment , universal phenomenon, real or imagined stressor, produces tension or distress, constructive or destructive
What is coping?
Process to manage situation that are perceived as stressful, can be successfully or unsuccessfully, crucial to maintain well-being
Adaptation
Outcome of coping, ability to survive and/or flourish in spite of stress, depend on coping processes - long term health
What are Stressors?
Any event or set of events that are perceived as challenging, threatening or demanding
True or False: Is Stress response natural, adaptive and protective?
True
Physical and emotional stressors trigger what?
Similar responses magnitude or pattern of reaction may differ
Are Stressors internal or external?
Both
Can stressors be destructive or Good?
Can be both destructive and Good
True or False: Are there individual responses to the same stressor
True
There are two types of physiologic stressors. What are they?
Physical and General
What are “specific” stressor?
Altered body function
What are general stressors?
Stress response
What are some examples of physiologic stressors?
Chemical agents, physical agents, infectious agents, nutritional imbalances, hypoxia, genetic or immune disorders, illness, pain fatigue
Are psychosocial stressors continuos or individualized?
Continuous and include individualized coping mechanism
What are examples of psychosocial stressors?
Stressful or traumatic experiences of family members and friends, horrors of history, fear of aggression or mutilation, rapid chances in the world
What are day to day Stressors?
Traffic, arguments, computer problems, ghost
What are considered life event stressors?
Erik son crisis, birth, marriage, death, permanent disability
Eustress
Positive stress activates stress pathways but includes such things as participationg in sports, going to a spa
What is stress dependent on?
Individual interpretation, life experiences/evens, age of the events, gender, culture beliefs, genetics, values
Negative feedback is what?
Inhibits or reverses changes
True or False: Do you have to have an intact Central Nervous System for homeostasis to occur?
True
What is the Homeostasis mechanism cycle?
Self-regulating, compensatory, several mechanisms, regulated by negative feedback
What is allostasis?
the process by which the body response to stressors in order to regain
What is allostatic load?
The priced the body pays for repeatedly activating the body stress response
How is Allostatic load?
Frequent exposure to stressors, , inability to adapt to repeated stressors, an inability to mount an adequate response or turn off the response
How is the cardiovascular system affected with allostasis?
Promotes adaptation by adjusting HR and BP to sleeping, waking , physical exertion
How is the cardiovascular system affected with allostatic load?
Repeated surges of increased BP due to job stress or the failure to shut off bp surges efficiently accelerates atherosclerosis
What systems are used for normal coping and adaptation ?
CNS, ANS, Endocrine system
What system allows individuals to respond to stressors differently?
The limbic system
What does the parasympathetic system control?
Relaxation - promotes growth/healing
What is the goal for the parasympathetic system ?
restores your body to a normal state
What is a major transmitter for the parasympathetic system?
Acetylcholine
Once the stress is resolved. What does the parasympathetic system begin doing?
Pupil constriction, watery secretions of salivary glands, decreased HR, constriction of the bronchioles, increased digestive function, increased insulin secretion promotion of the release of urine return.
What does the Sympathetic system do for Stress?
Rapid response for preparation for intense physical activity in case of emergency
What two major hormones are released from the sympathetic system?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
What system releases hormones from one gland and travels through the bloodstream to another gland and trigger secondary gland to release certain hormones?
Endocrine system
There are two types of stress response for Local Adaptation syndrome. What are they?
Reflex pain response and inflammatory response
LAS
Local Adaptation Syndrome
What are the 3 different General adaptation syndrome?
Alarm reaction
Stage Resistance
Stage Exhaustion
Stage 1 Alarm Reaction
Alerts the body defenses against the stressor 1 min - 24 hours fight or flight
Stage 2 Resistance
Body attempts to cope with the stressor adapts, if not adaptation fails
Stage 3 Exahustaion
Adaptation has overcome the stressor, body rests and returns to normal or stress effects have spread to the whole body= Death
Shock Phase
Hormone levels rise, body prepares to react
Counter-Shock phases:
body returns to normal
HPA
Hypothalamus-pituitary=adrenal gland
Chronic Stress
Over expression of the stress mediators leads to cellular damage
What are examples of chronic stress?
Depression, cardiac disease, HIV/AIDS, respiratory problems, infections, autoimmune and poor wound healing, and cancers
What are some psychological homeostasis that need to be maintain?
love and belonging
safety and security
self-esteem
Anxiety
Feeling of apprehension - anticipate danger - deal with the threat
Mild Anxiety
Positive effect - motivational - facilitates problem solving - more alert. restlessness and sleep disturbance
Moderate Anxiety
Narrow perceptions - focus on concerns muscle tension, “butterflies” increase pulse/resp
Severe Anxiety
Detailed orientated - focus on getting relief. Distracted, decrease learning, interferes with life, fearful, headache nausea, tachycardia, hyperventilation
Panic Anxiety
Experience dread - loss of control - unable to concentrate learn
Unconscious management of stress?
Coping mechanisms
How is coping mechanisms learned?
May be from past experiences, family expectations
What are some examples of coping mechanisms?
Crying, laughing, sleeping, cursing, physical activity exercise, smoking, drinking, lack of eye contact, withdrawal, limiting relationships to those with similar values and interests
What are task-oriented reaction to stress?
Attack behavior
withdrawal behavior
compromise behavior
Compensation
The attempt to achieve respect or recognition in one activity as a substitute for inability to achieve in another endeavor
Denial
Refusing to believe or accept something sit is but rather as one wishes it to be
Displacement
Transferring emotion away from the person or situation that incited the emotions to an inappropriate person or object
Introjection
Taking into one’s personality the characteristics of another
Projection
Attributing ones own thoughts emotions, characteristics, or motives to another
rationalization
Concealing the motive for behavior by going some socially acceptable reason for the action
Regression
Return to behaviors more appropriate to an earlier Stage of development
Repression
Immersing Something in the subconscious or unconscious level of thought
Sublimation
Release of libido unsocially acceptable behavior rather than using it to obtain sexual gratification
Suppression
Consciously dismissing something from the mind and thoughts
Developmental stress
Occurs when person progresses through stages of growth and development
Situation stress
Does not occur in predictable patterns, influenced by developmental levels
Is Reflexive response for newborns whole body or part of the body?
Whole Body
What subjective data would be used to assess someone who is stressed?
Physiologic stress, Psychologic stress, Environmental stress, sociocultural stress,
What objective data would be used to assess someone who is stress?
Cardiovascular system, Respiratory system, Gastrointestinal system, musculoskeletal system integumentary system.
