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Nursing 135 > Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid base balance > Flashcards

Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid base balance Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the body Fluids?

A

Water, electrolytes, soluble gases and non-electrolytes (blood, glucose, urea)

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2
Q

What are the functions of water in the body?

A

Transporting nutrients to cells and wastes from cells
Transport hormones, enzymes, blood platelets, and RBC and WBC
Cellular metabolism and proper cellular chemical functioning

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3
Q

What fluid helps maintain normal body temperature?

A

Water

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4
Q

True or False: Does water facilitate digestion and promoting elimination?

A

True

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5
Q

True or False: Does water aid in tissue lubrication?

A

True

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6
Q

What is the total body weight for lifespan?

A 
Newborn premature:  85%
Newborn full-term:  70%-80%
Child 1-12yr:  64%
puberty to 39yrs Male: 60% Female 52%
40-60yrs:  Male 55% Female 47%
60 and over:  Male 52% Female 46%
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7
Q

True or False: Does muscle contain less water than Fat?

A

False: Fat contains less water than muscle

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8
Q

What are infants more prone to when it comes to Total body water(TBW)?

A

Fluid volume deficits

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9
Q

True or False: Women and obese people have greater amount of Water?

A

False. They have less water

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10
Q

What does ICF mean?

A

Intracellular Fluid (70%)

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11
Q

ECF means?

A

Extracellular Fluid (30%)

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12
Q

Does Transport of O2, nutrients and waste products of cellular metabolism occur extracellular or intracellular?

A

Extracellular Fluid

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13
Q

What is Intracellular fluid made up of?

A

Glucose, oxygen, Mineral and electrolytes (GOME)

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14
Q

Intracellular fluid is made up of major electrolytes, what are they?

A

K, Phosphate, MG and Sulfate

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15
Q

Where is interstitial fluid located at?

A

Fluid outside the blood vessel, between the cells

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16
Q

Intravascular fluid

A

Plasma; fluid inside blood and lymphatic vessels

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17
Q

What are the major electrolytes of Extracellular fluid?

A

Sodium, Chloride and bicarbonate

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18
Q

True or False: Extracellular fluid maintains B/P?

A

True

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19
Q

Chemical compounds capable of breaking into particles are called what?

A

Ions

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20
Q

When dissolved in water ________ carry electrical charges?

A

Ions

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21
Q

Which electrolytes are not stored and must be taken in daily?

A

Sodium chloride and potassium

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22
Q

What are the cations of Electrolytes?

A

Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+

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23
Q

What are the Anions of Electrolytes?

A

Cl, Phosphate (HPO4), Bicarbonate (HCO3)

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24
Q

What is classified as homeostasis for electrolytes?

A

Total cations equal to total anions

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25
Q

What regulates plasma osmolarity?

A

Sodium

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26
Q

ECF volume is controlled by what electrolyte?

A

Sodium

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27
Q

Can the body store excess sodium?

A

No excess is excreted though voiding

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28
Q

transmission of impulses in nerve and muscle fivers are controlled by what?

A

NA-K pump

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29
Q

What is the normal sodium levels?

A

135-145 mEq/L

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30
Q

This is electrolyte is a major Cation in ICF?

A

K (potassium)

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31
Q

What are the normal levels of K?

A

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

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32
Q

This electrolyte maintains volume of fluid within the cell?

A

Potassium

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33
Q

_____ plays major role in K regulation?

A

Kidneys

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34
Q

What does not allow the storage of K within the body?

A

Aldosterone

35
Q

What is the most abundant ECF cation in the body?

A

Ca (Calcium)

36
Q

There are 2 types of Ca serum. What are they?

A

Bound (to proteins)

Unbound (Ionized) forms (physiological functions)

37
Q

What percentage of Ionized Ca is in the blood?

A

50% of Ca is in the blood - responsible for imbalances s/s - this is the active form

38
Q

____ is combined w/albumin

A

Bound Ca

39
Q

What is responsible for increasing Ca by mobilizing calcium from the bones?

A

Parathyroid hormone

40
Q

True or False: With low ionized Ca will the parathyroid hormone increase intestinal absorption and renal reabsorption?

A

True

41
Q

Increased calcium decreases what?

A

Serum phosphorus

42
Q

What are the bound serum levels for Calcium?

A

8.6 - 10.2 mg/dl

43
Q

What are the unbound (ionized) Calcium Serum levels?

A

4.5 - 5.1 mg/dl

44
Q

Magnesium is prodominantly intracellular or extracellular fluid?

A

Intracellular Fluid

45
Q

Where is Magnesium found and what percentages are found there?

A

60% in bones and muscles

46
Q

What are the normal serum levels of magnesium?

A

1.3 - 2.3 mEq/L

47
Q

Phosphorus are predominantly found where?

A

Bones and teeth

48
Q

What regulates phosphorus?

A

Parathyroid and vitamin D

49
Q

Increased phosphorus equals what?

A

Decreased Calcium

50
Q

What are the normal Phosphorus levels?

A

2.5 - 4.5 mg/dl

51
Q

True or False:

Does Illness have the ability to potentially effect or disrupt homeostasis of electrolytes?

A

True

52
Q

The body maintains and controls two aspects of fluids. What are they?

A 
The volume of fluid in the extracellular space (Vascular volume)
Water concentration (osmolarity) of all body fluids - influences the volume of ECF and ICF
53
Q

Vascular volume is equal or the same as what?

A

Blood Pressure

54
Q

What does Baroreceptors monitor?

A

Blood Pressure

55
Q

Renin is an enzyme released by what?

A

Kidney

56
Q

Decreased fluid volume also decreases what?

A

Decreased B/P, and Decreased renal blood flow

57
Q

Angiotensionogen is produced where and circulates where?

A

Produced by liver and circulates through blood

58
Q

Angiotensin Converting enzymes in lungs convert from what to what?

A

Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II

59
Q

Aldosterone regulates what?

A

Sodium

60
Q

Where is aldosterone released?

A

adrenal cortex of the kidneys

61
Q

Water and chloride follows what?

A

Sodium

62
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide hormone is located where?

A

Atria and ventricles in the heart

63
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptides responds to what?

A

Increased pressure in the Atria, and also increased ECF fluid or volume

64
Q

What is Osmolarity?

A

Proportion of dissolved particles in a volume of fluid

65
Q

What are the normal plasma levels?

A

280-300 mOsm/L

66
Q

What is Tonicity?

A

measure of osmotic pressure of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membranes

67
Q

Isotonic is defined as what?

A

Solution that has the same osmolarity as plasma (275-295 mOsm/L

68
Q

What is Hypotonic?

A

Solution that has an osmolarity that is less than blood plasma (275 mOsm/L)

69
Q

What is Hypertonic?

A

Solution has greater osmolarity than blood plasma

70
Q

Osmoreceptors are located where and response to what?

A

Located in the Hypothalamus and responds to increase osmolarity

71
Q

When water is absorbed to the GI tract what happens to osmolarity?

A

Osmolarity is decreased

72
Q

If a person is thirsty how long before they are thirsty again?

A

15 mins

73
Q

How long does it take for water to distribute throughout the body?

A

30 mins to an hour

74
Q

Where is ADH produced?

A

Anterior portion of hypothalamus

75
Q

Where is ADH secreted from?

A

Posterior pituitary gland

76
Q

What is active transport?

A

energy needed to move a large particle or substance across an area of high pressure

77
Q

Pushing force for capillary filtration?

A

Hydrostatic pressure

78
Q

Filtration pressure

A

Pressure that result in the movement of the fluid an solutes out of a compartment

79
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

Force that draws the water from less concentrated solution thru a selectively permeable membrane into a more concentrated solution

80
Q

What contributes to osmotic pressure and pull fluid back into capillaries?

A

Plasma proteins

81
Q

Pressure produced by plasma proteins are called what?

A

Colloid Oncotic pressure

82
Q

Hydrostatic pressure minus osmotic pressure is what?

A

Filtration pressure

83
Q

PEDS maintenance fluid calc are what?

A

0-10 Kg = 100 ml per Kg
11-20 Kg = 1000 ml + 50 ml for every Kg over 10Kg
>20 Kg = 1500 + 20 ml for every Kg over 20 Kg

84
Q

Person who is suffering from anorexia what electrolytes are loss during vomiting?

A

Loss of K and Na

Nursing 135 (8 decks)

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