stress Flashcards
define stress
the physiological and psychological state of disruption caused by the presence of anticipate disruptive or stimulating event
emphasis on a relationship between an individual and the environment
stress involves:
- appraising an event
- assessing the potential event
- responding to the event
what is a stressor
factors or events that elicit a state of stress
what is positive stress
aka eustress
stress that adds a positive enhancing dimension to the quality of life
can enhance longevity, productivity, life satisification
what is negative stress
aka distress
stress that diminishes the quality of your life
commonly associated with disease illness and maladaptation
can result in a physical or mental breakdown
what is neutral stress
no stress
aka neustress
blocked out by brain
what are physiological responses (systems)
- sympathetic nervous system
increased blood pressure, heart rate, pulse, respirations, skin conductivity - endocrine system
produces epinephrine, norepinephrine, catecholamines - pituitary gland
releases corticosteroids
what are physiological responses to stress (brain)
produces andenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
increases level of glucocorticoid
what are some physical signs and symptoms of stress
- sweaty palms
- irritability
- insomnia
- chronic fatigue
- shortness of breath
- nervous, rapid, shaky speech
- nervous mannerisms
- butterflies
- heart palpitations
- trembling hands
- sexual dysfunction
- frequent urination
what are cognitive responses to stress
- an appraisal process whereby the harm, threat, or challenges, are evaluated in terms of causes and controllability
what is an involuntary stress response
- concentration
- thought disruption
what are emotional responses to stress
- fear
- excitement
-anger
-stoicism - aniexty
-embarrassment
what are behavioural responses to stress
flight - run
fight- confront
virtually limitless dependent on the event
what are some measurements of stress
self reports
behavioural measures
physiological measures
biochemical markers
what are the dimensions of stress
negative vs positive events
uncontrolled vs controlled
ambiguous vs clear cut
overloaded
what is a direct route between stress and illness
stress produces physiological and psychological changes that are conductive to the development of illness
what is the personality route between stress and illness
some individuals are predisposed to illness by virtue of their personalities
- worry warts
what is the interactive route between stress and illness
an interaction between pre existing physical and psychological vulnerabilities
stress affects their illness further
what is the health behaviour link between stress and illness
stress may change our lifestyles
begin or increase negative behaviours in response to stress
lead to increased risk of illness
what is the illness behaviour link between stress and illness
stress can produce signs/ symptoms which are mistaken for illness
what can stress lead to
cvd disorders
anxiety
insomnia
immune system disorders
kidney disease
headaches
impotence
how do you cope with stressors
withdrawal from stressors
attacking stress through direct confrontation
who are hardy individuals
posses a variety of coping skills, respond to change effectively
mastered strategies that work when confronted by change
hardiness acts as a buffer I stress illness relationship
what are some cognitive strategies to manage stress
- time inventory
help you to identify time wasters
what are self imposed time wasters
- do it to yourself
- got up late, watched Netflix the you should’ve been studying
what are system imposed time wasters
- someone does it to you
- someone forgets to pick up
what is imagery
aspects of autogenic training
- autogenic= self generating, self induced
- relaxation technique that consists of a series of exercises designed to bring about body warmth and heaviness in the limbs and torso
- relaxing images are employed to expand relaxation to the mind
what are some physical strategies to manage stress
exercise
nutrition
recreational hobbies
yoga
massage
relaxation response
what are prerequisites to imagery
- high motivation
- measure of self direction
- maintenance of recommended body position
- blocking out external environment
what is progressive relaxation
involves contraction of a muscle group and then relaxation of it, progressing from one muscle group to another throughout the body
what are some social strategies for managing stress
meaningful relationship
social networks
