Stresemann good European good German

Question 1

What did Erzberger describe Stresemann as?

Answer 1

Political tree frog

Question 2

At what age was Stresemann the youngest deputy in the Reichstag?

Answer 2

28

Question 3

When Stresemann was appointed chancellor in 1923 what did he exclaim

Answer 3

“It was all but political suicide”

Question 4

What did Stresemann help sort out?

Answer 4

Hyperinflation.

Question 5

What do Hite and Hinton say about Stresemann

Answer 5

“too Subtle”

Question 6

Who said Stresemann did more than anyone else to destroy Versailles so was a good German Nationalist.

Answer 6

Sally Marks

Question 7

In a private letter to the Crown Prince Wilhelm (the Kaiser’s son) in September 1925 Stresemann said what?

Answer 7

the priorities for German foreign policy were to settle the reparations question in Germany’s favour, to protect those Germans living under foreign rule, to readjust Germany’s eastern frontiers

Question 8

In the same letter to the crown prince he said that German policy must be one of what?

Answer 8

‘must be one of scheming’ and that while he could say this in private he had to exercise ‘the utmost restraint in his public utterances’- Scheming against the other European powers to get what he wants

Question 9

One of Stresemann’s most famous actions was the renegotiation of the Treaty of Versailles, a diktat imposed on Germany after her defeat in the First World War. Through adroitly adjusting and readjusting his tactics, driven by the deep belief that

Answer 9

“politics was about bargaining with the power available”

Question 10

In revising the economic aspect of the treaty, Stresemann utilized the German sense of vulnerability to ease the Triple Entente’s vigilance towards the “German problem”, thus doing what?

Answer 10

winning their sympathy, and further used that sympathy to make plans for German economic recovery.

Question 11

Stresemann pursued a policy of what in which he complied with the terms of Versailles in order to deceive Britain and France about Germany’s real intentions -so encourage them to agree to revision of the Treaty

Answer 11

Erfullungpolik (fulfilment)

Question 12

He aimed to get revision of the reparations through the Dawes Plan (1924) and the Young Plan (1929) - in order to do what?

Answer 12

to allow Germany to build up her economic power

Question 13

In the Locarno Pact (1925) he accepted that Germany’s western borders should remain as agreed at Versailles but managed to have what free?

Answer 13

the question of Germany’s eastern borders left open -so that Germany could in the future pursue expansion in the east

Question 14

He aimed to end the Ruhr and Rhineland occupations- to gain the support of who?

Answer 14

nationalist and conservative opinion in Germany

Question 15

Erfullungspolitik still meant accepting the humiliating ‘Diktat’ of the Allies, why did Stresemann accept them?

Answer 15

which Stresemann did in the interests of maintaining European peace

Question 16

Stresemann did not try to ensure that Germany would have the military power to insist on the revision of what?

Answer 16

the territorial terms of Versailles.

Question 17

Stresemann did not press for what to be permitted in military?

Answer 17

Germany still could not rearm and was still not allowed to change the demilitarisation terms of Versailles

Question 18

Locarno did not allow Germany to revise the eastern borders, just did what?

Answer 18

left the question open

Question 19

Stresemann did not pursue revision of reparations vigorously enough to satisfy who?

Answer 19

the Right and indeed by pursuing a policy of fulfilment at all he ensured that opposition to the Republic continued unabated and that Versailles was a major focus of that opposition, but he accepted this as the price of maintaining European peace

Question 20

What did Collier and Pedley say about Stresemann being a Nationalist?

Answer 20

trying to save Germany from the depths of defeat in 1918.

Question 21

What does Wright say about the tensions between the constraits of Stresemann?

Answer 21

“tension between the constraints of a responsible foreign policy and the romantic nationalism of his early career”

Question 22

What does Kolb say about Stresemann being a nationalist?

Answer 22

‘keen sense of reality’ Germany’s restoration and European peace as interdependent.

Question 23

What does Carr see streseman aim as?

Answer 23

“was to make Germany a great power once more”.

Question 24

Peukart says Stresemann became a prisoner of what?

Answer 24

“became a prisoner of the expectations he himself had aroused.”

Question 25

Who said “Stresemann was a superlative liar, dispensing total untruths.….”

Answer 25

Sally Marks

Question 26

Who said “Stresemann’s long-term policy was one of preparing for warlike expansion”

Answer 26

Ruge

Question 27

What does Henig say Stresemann was realistic about?

Answer 27

“realistic about Germany’s diplomatic situation in Europe and the need to win the trust and respect of her former enemies”

Question 28

What does Lee say about (sitting on the fence) stresemann

Answer 28

Stresemann was neither a covert nationalist nor a Good European but a pragmatist who adapted to changed times and circumstances and, where he could, created new opportunities.

Question 29

Describe the treaty of Rapello? 1922

Answer 29

1. Treaty of Rapello, (1922)
   - Treaty signed between Germany and Soviet Union in April 1922.
   - Re-establishes full democratic relations between Germany and Russia. Germany the first nations in the world to formally recognises the USSR as a country.
   - Both Countries renounced clauses to war depts and reparations and agreed to cooperate over economic matters.
   - Secret clauses of the treaty allowed Germany to circumvent the military clauses of Versailles by training troops and building planes and tanks on Russian soil.
   - Offered a possible way to put pressure on the Allies
   
   • Offered the possibility of the development and improvement of new weapons.
   • The allied control commission had no way of investigating the soviet state development.
   • Invalidated Article 116 of the Versailles peace treaty which gave Russia thee right to reparations from Germany.
   • Stopped demographic isolation with the soviets

Question 30

What happened in the treaty of Berlin 1926

Answer 30

2. Treaty of Berlin
    The Treaty of Berlin built on Rapello and included both secret and public agreements but also took into account European concerns with Soviet- German Pact
    In April 1926 Stresemann signing this treaty with the USSR.
    Like the 1922 Rapallo treaty it helped develop good relationships between Germany and the USSR with further economic and military exchanges
    Public deals included the commitment that no side would attack the other for 5 years and that German Banks would give loans to Soviet businesses
    Secretly, German troops began to train in the USSR
    - Put Pressure on the Allies
   
   • Developed good relationships with the USSR

Question 31

Describe the Locarno pact?

Answer 31

• 7 agreements made and signed in Switzerland in October 1925 with Britain, France, Belgium and Italy.
• Germany was to respect the borders of Western European countries, including those agreed by Versailles. Stresemann accepted Germany’s western (not eastern borders)
• all countries renounced the use of invasion in force except in self defence
• The Pact reinsured France about its borders in and Germany about further French invasion (such as what happened in 1923)
• By December 1925 allied troops left zone 1 near Cologne
• Won advance on time till the the evacuation of the Rhineland by Allies.

Question 32

In 1926 Stresemann managed to have the Inter- Allied Military Commission – who had been monitoring Germany’s compliance with Versailles, what?

Answer 32

leave Germany

Question 33

Describe the Kelliog brand pact.

Answer 33

Kellogg Briand Pact/ Pact of Paris
 In 1928 the Pact of Paris/ Kellogg-Briand Pact was signed by over 70 countries in which it was agreed that no signatory would resort to war to resolve disputes
 promise not to use war to resolve “disputes and conflicts or whatever nature or what origin they maybe which may arise among them”
 - “Peace was sorted”

Question 34

After the Locarno Treaties of 1925 relationships in Europe had improved enough to finally allow Germany to join what in 1926?

Answer 34

League of Nations

Question 35

Germany not only joined the League but was given what?‘

Answer 35

Great Power status – similar to that of Britain and France. They could sit on the League council and had the right to Veto

Question 36

As part of their joining agreement Germany was NOT permitted to take part in what?

Answer 36

any collective military action due to the Versailles restrictions

Question 37

German entry to the League of Nations was a major step forward in strengthening Germany and restoring her to great power status why?

Answer 37

Stresemann insisted that if Germany were to be accepted into the League then she must have a permanent seat on the Council of the League and veto powers. That is exactly what he managed to negotiate.Stresemann used the League to raise issues on concern to Germany – thus giving Germans a strong European platform.

Question 38

1Recognition of Germany’s great power status with a permanent seat on the League of Nations Council had less to do with Stresemann’s supposedly covert nationalism and more to do with what?

Answer 38

the fact that he understood that the international system could not work effectively without Germany’s involvement

Question 39

Who voted for Germany to be allowed in the League of Nations- Stresemann seemed trustworthy to them

Answer 39

France

Question 40

Stresemann got the Nobel peace prize in when?

Answer 40

1926

Question 41

For the pact of Paris or the Kellogg brand pact how did it have little impact- countries merely used different tactics without actually declaring war.

Answer 41

In reality this pact had little impact – countries merely used war tactics without actually declaring war

Question 42

Communist attacked German due to signing what treaty seeing it as a plot against the USSR communist government.

Answer 42

Locarno

Question 43

The Locarno pact was hated by nationalists in Germany which argued that Locarno provided what?

Answer 43

yet more evidence of Stresemann’s willingness to give into Versailles.

Question 44

Locarno left France stronger than Germany and confirmed Germany was weakened giving into Versailles by what?

Answer 44

their loss of Alsace Lorraine.