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RUSVM Bacteriology Exam 1 > Streptococcus & Enterococcus > Flashcards

Streptococcus & Enterococcus Flashcards

1
Q

What is Streptococccus?

A

Gram +, aerobic, catalase neg. cocci

Chaines in clinical samples

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2
Q

What is the habitat for Streptococcus?

A

Commensals of mucous membranes of humans and animals (not usually skin)

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3
Q

What is a key point of a streptococcal infection?

A

May be endogenous or exogenous, including species present as either commensals or in a carrier state, and some are contagious

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4
Q

Are Beta hemolytic streptococci pyogenic?

A

Yes, generally

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5
Q

Are non-hemolytic or alpha hemolytic streptococci pyogenic?

A

No, non-pyogenic

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6
Q

What is the key point about pathogenic streptococci?

A

Tend to be host-adapted, and cause extracellular infections including septicemias, throat and adjacent lymph node infections, and pneumonias

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7
Q

What are the virulence factors of pyogenic streptococci?

A

Capsule, antiphagocytic

Anti-complementary surface proteins

Lytic enzymes

Toxins

Superantigens (Strep. TSS)

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8
Q

What causes strangles in horses?

A

S. equi subsp. equi

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9
Q

What is strangles?

A

Abscess formation in regional lymph nodes in head and neck

REPORTABLE

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10
Q

What are some characteristics of S. equi?

A

Beta hemolytic, Group C

Marked mucoid appearance due to abundant hyaluronic acid capsule

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11
Q

What are important factors about S. equi infection?

A

Contagious upper respiratory tract disease with abscess formation

Equids are only known hosts

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12
Q

What are 2 important S. equi virulence factors?

A
  1. Hyaluronic acid capsule

2. M protein

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13
Q

What are some clinical signs of S. equi?

A

CS appear 3-14 days after exposure

Fever, depression, anorexia, dysphagia, most cough, purulent nasal discharge

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14
Q

What are 2 major potential complications of S. equi?

A
  1. Bastard strangles/disseminated infection

2. Purpura hemorrhagica/immune complex mediated vasculitis

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15
Q

What is guttural pouch empyema?

A

Accumulation of purulent material in guttural pouch

Usually secondary to upper respiratory infection

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16
Q

What are guttural pouch chondroids?

A

Accumulation of soft or hard concretions in one or both guttural pouches, associated with chronic empyema

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17
Q

What are 4 types of carriers for S. equi?

A
  1. Incubatory
  2. Clinical
  3. Convalescent
  4. Long term
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18
Q

What is an incubatory carrier?

A

Nasal shedding begins 4-7 days after exposure w/or w/out clinically evident nasal discharge

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19
Q

What is a clinical carrier?

A

Shedding from affected sites; nasal, pharynx, lymph nodes, guttural pouch

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20
Q

What is a convalescent carrier?

A

Nasal shedding for up to 6 weeks after recovery

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21
Q

What is a long term carrier?

A

5-7 months or more, mostly from guttural pouch

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22
Q

What are 3 ways to DX S. equi?

A
  1. Culture
  2. Serology (not widely used)
  3. PCR
23
Q

How would you treat symptomatic animals with a S. equi infection?

A

TX to relieve pain and hasten recovery

24
Q

How effective are antibiotics in TX of S. equi infections?

A

Only effective if given soon after exposure and before abscess formation

25
Q

When do infected animals usually recover from S. equi infection?

A

Usually after abscesses mature and rupture

26
Q

Is S. equi reportable?

A

Yes, reportable in many states

27
Q

What are 2 vaccines used for S. equi?

A
  1. Killed S. equi vaccines

2. Live, intranasal S. equi vaccine

28
Q

What is a killed S. equi vaccine used for?

A

Used in pregnant mares and foals to maintain high levels of anti M protein opsonizing antibodies

29
Q

What is a live attenuated S. equi vaccine used for?

A

Used to stimulated mucosal immunity & serum opsonization antibodies

30
Q

What is pyogenic streptococci?

A

Beta-hemolytic strepococci from animals; can cause disease in humans occasionally

31
Q

What is mastitis in animals caused by?

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

32
Q

What is important about S. agalactiae?

A

Obligate parasite of mammary gland of cows

Infected cows are reservoir for infections

Contagious

33
Q

What kind of host range does S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus?

A

Broad host range

34
Q

What kind of pathogen is S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus?

A

Opportunist pathogen

35
Q

What kind of infections does S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus cause?

A

Purulent infections in animals, upper respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, assesses, wounds, UTI, mastitis, foal septicemia etc.

36
Q

What is S. pyogenes: Group A streptococcus?

A

Flesh eating bacteria

37
Q

What group does Streptococcus canis belong to?

A

Group G streptococcus

38
Q

Is Streptococcus canis a commensal?

A

Yes, of skin & mucous membrane (especially in reproductive tract)

39
Q

What can S. canis infect?

A

Vaginal or umbilical vein > peritoneal cavity, liver > bacteremia

40
Q

What kind of lesions does S. canis cause?

A

Septicemia and embolic lesions in heart and lung

41
Q

What kind of clinical signs are seen with S. canis?

A

Skinulcerations, chronic respiratory infection, necrotizing sinusitis and meningitis, necrotizing fasciitis w/skin ulcerations, TSS, sepsis, death

42
Q

What animals are affected by S. canis?

A

Kittens and puppies

43
Q

What animals are usually associated with S. suis?

A

Pigs

44
Q

Who is affected by S. iniae?

A

Fish

45
Q

What is newly recognized in S. iniae?

A

Zoonosis from fish

46
Q

What kind of strains are there for S. iniae?

A

Both virulent and commensal strains

47
Q

What is S. porcinus?

A

Jowl abscess in pigs

48
Q

What is S. pneumoniae?

A

Pneumoccocal pneumonia, septicemia and meningitis in humans

Pneumonia in guinea pigs and rodents

Domestic pets can act as carriers

49
Q

What is the Viridans group of Streptococcus?

A

A huge group that does not react with Lancefield grouping sera

50
Q

How is Neonatal septicemia in foals treated?

A

Require colostrum

51
Q

What would pyogenic Streptococci be treated with?

A

Penicillin G

52
Q

What are Enterococci?

A

Normal intestinal flora

Low grade pathogens, true opportunists

53
Q

What kind of infections do Enterococci cause?

A

Mastitis, would infections, UTI, secondary infections, Nosocomial infections

54
Q

Why do some Enterococci species have emerging importance?

A

Because of nosocomial infections and innate resistance to antimicrobial drugs

RUSVM Bacteriology Exam 1 (11 decks)

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