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RUSVM Bacteriology Exam 1 > Mycobacterium > Flashcards

Mycobacterium Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of bacteria are Mycobacterium?

A

Mycolic acid, gram + rods, acid fast +, aerobic, facultative intracellular pathogen

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2
Q

What is the importance of Mycobacterium?

A

Human and bovine tuberculosis

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3
Q

What kind of infections do Mycobacterium cause?

A

Chronic granulomatous infections

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4
Q

What are 2 virulence factors of Mycobacterium?

A
  1. Mycolic acid containing cell wall lipids

2. Cell protein antigens

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5
Q

T/F: Under optimum conditions, obligate pathogens can survive in a contaminated environment for extended periods

A

True

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6
Q

T/F: Many species of Mycobacterium are soil and water saprophytes that can opportunistically infect susceptible hosts

A

True

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7
Q

What are 4 important disease caused by Mycobacterium?

A
  1. Mammalian tuberculosis
  2. Avian tuberculosis
  3. Leprosy
  4. Johne’s disease
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8
Q

Which two Mycobacterium are in the tuberculous group and form caseous granulomas?

A
  1. M. tuberculosis

2. M. bovis

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9
Q

Which Mycobacterium is in the tuberculous group and forms non caseous granulomas?

A

M. avid complex

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10
Q

Which immune response is important in the destruction of bacilli?

A

Cell mediated immune response

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11
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is caused by Mycobacteria?

A

Type IV or Delayed type hypersensitivity

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12
Q

What is the classic lesion of tuberculosis?

A

Tubercles

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of tubercles?

A

Granulomas with epithelioid macrophages (hard) or caseous necrosis (soft) surrounded by multinucleate giant cells

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14
Q

What re elements of a tubercle?

A

Activated macrophages/epithelioid cells

Lymphocytes

Fibrosis

+/- Mineralization

+/- Coagulative/caseous/liquefactive necrosis

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15
Q

Who is the main reservoir for tuberculosis?

A

Humans

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16
Q

Is TB a treatable and curable disease?

A

Yes

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17
Q

T/F: Drugs are always used in combination to treat tuberculosis

A

True

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18
Q

What are 5 problems of TB treatment?

A
  1. Combo drug therapy needed
  2. Limited single drug activity
  3. Developed drug resistance
  4. Need prolonged treatment
  5. Poor drug distribution in walled off lesions
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19
Q

What is multi drug resistant TB (MDR-TB)?

A

Resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin

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20
Q

What is extensively drug resistant TB (EDR-TB)

A

Resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, plus fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs

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21
Q

What does Mycobacterium bovis cause?

A

Zoonotic TB

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22
Q

What is the main portal of entry for M. bovis?

A

GI tract

23
Q

What kind of host range and distribution does M. bovis have?

A

Wide host range and geographic distribution

24
Q

What kind of infection does M. bovis cause in cattle?

A

Bovine tuberculosis

25
Q

What is the most common transmission model of M. bovis in cattle?

A

Aerosol

26
Q

What are some lesions of M. bovis?

A

Enlarged regional lymph nodes and generalized wasting in advanced disease stage

27
Q

How would you DX bovine tuberculosis?

A

Tuberculin test

Direct acid fast

Culture

DNA-based methods / PCR

Clinical disease + histopathology

28
Q

What is a tuberculin hypersensitivity skin test?

A

Screening test in caudal tail fold; read reaction at injection site 72 hours after

29
Q

What type of lesions would be seen with Tb?

A

Caseous necrosis

Granulomatous inflammation

Multinucleate giant cells

Macrophages and lymphocytes

30
Q

Is therapy for TB in cattle recommended?

A

No

31
Q

Are there vaccines for TB in cattle?

A

No

32
Q

What disease does M. avian subsp. paratuberculosis cause?

A

Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis

33
Q

What is Johne’s disease?

A

A chronic, progressive granulomatous enteritis

34
Q

Who is the primary host for Johne’s disease?

A

Ruminants (cattle)

35
Q

If you suspect Johne’s infection in mother, what should happen to the calf?

A

Remove from mother and feed colostrum

36
Q

What is the “iceberg effect” for paratuberculosis?

A

If one clinical animal is detected, many cases of subclinical animals exist

37
Q

What are the symptoms of Johne’s disease?

A

Diarrhea and weight loss bc there is no absorption of nutrients due to caseous granulomas in mucosa

38
Q

What is the main DX method for paratuberculosis?

A

Serology-Ab detection

39
Q

What are two ways to detect host response to paratuberculosis infection?

A
  1. Humoral Immune response

2. Cell mediated immune response - Johnin hypersensitivity skin test

40
Q

Why are vaccines for Johne’s disease restricted?

A

Vaccines highly reactive

41
Q

T/F: M. paratuberculosis has a role in Human Crohn’s disease

A

True

42
Q

What does Mycobacterium avian complex (MAC) cause?

A

Avian tuberculosis

43
Q

How can MAC spread?

A

Wide spread in soil, water, including treated municipal tap water

44
Q

What does Mycobacterium ulcers cause?

A

Buruli ulcer

45
Q

What does Mycobacterium leprae cause?

A

Leprosy or Hansen’s disease

46
Q

What is the only know animal reservoir for M. leprae?

A

Nine banded Armadillo in southern US

47
Q

What is tuberculoid leprosy?

A

Few acid positive bacilli in lesion

48
Q

What is lepromatous leprosy?

A

No cell mediated response, severe disease with numerous acid fast + bacilli

49
Q

What does Mycobacterium lepraemurium cause?

A

Feline and murine leprosy

50
Q

What is seen with feline and murine leprosy?

A

Granulomatous dermatitis panniculitis

Leproid granulomas

51
Q

What is seen in DX of M. lepraemurium?

A

In geimsa or gram stain, will see negative stained bacilli

52
Q

How would you TX Leprosy in dogs?

A

Doxycycline can be effective

53
Q

What kind of host response is seen with Saprophytic Mycobacterial spp?

A

Granulomatous pyogranulomatous host response

54
Q

What is seen with Saprophytic Mycobacterial spp?

A

Chronic, non-healing cutaneous lesions and lack of response to common antimicrobial treatments

RUSVM Bacteriology Exam 1 (11 decks)

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