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BACTERIOLOGY LEC > Streptococcus > Flashcards

Streptococcus Flashcards

1
Q

Gram (+) spherical
cells, arranged in
chains or pairs

Grayish pinpoint
translucent to slightly
opaque colonies

Catalase (-), oxidase (-)

Growth is enhanced by
blood, serum or
glucose incorporated
in agar plate

A

Streptococci

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2
Q

Behave-like facultative
anaerobe, some species
require increased CO2
for growth

Aerotolerant anaerobe
(peptostreptococci –
obligate anaerobe

A

Streptococci

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3
Q

ALL streptococci EXCEPT the viridans group
have a layer of _____________ – serological
classification

Young cultures are characterized by the
presence of capsule

Are commonly found as part of _______________

However, when these organism gain access to
normally sterile sites they can cause life
threatening infection.

A

C carbohydrate
normal human flora.

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4
Q

____________ and ________________
- notorious pathogens

A

S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae

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5
Q

___________, __________, __________, _____________resemble streptococci

A

Aerococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Pediococcus

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6
Q

Colony variation

a. ____________
b. ______________
c. ______________

A

a. Mucoid
b. Matte or rough
c. Smooth/glossy

MMS

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7
Q

large amount of CHON

A

Matte or rough

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8
Q

little amount of CHON

A

Smooth/glossy

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9
Q

A. ACADEMIC/BERGEY’S CLASSIFICATION

BASED ON TEMPERATURE
CLASSIFICATION OF STREPTOCOCCI
1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Pyogenic Group
  2. Viridans Group
  3. Enterococcus
  4. Lactic Group

PVEL

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10
Q

Will not grow neither on ____________
Produce _______; mostly __________
Species: _____________

A

Pyogenic Growth

10°C or 45°C
pus ; β-hemolytic
Streptococcus pyogenes

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11
Q

Will grow at _____________
NOT part of the ______________
___________ or _____________
Species: _____________, _____________, ___________, ___________

A

Viridans Group

45°C
lancefield group
Alpha hemolytic OR Non hemolytic
S. salivarius, S. mutans, S. mitis, S.
sanguis

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12
Q

Will grow both at ________________
_________________________
Species: ______________

A

Enterococcus group

10°C and 45°C
Normal flora of human intestine
E. faecalis

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13
Q

Will grow on _________
_________________
Often found in ____________
Species:____________

A

lactic group

10°C
Non hemolytic organism
dairy products
S. lactis

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14
Q
  1. ALPHA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI

___________________ of RBC
around colony

____________discoloration
around colony

Species:

_________________–
(green streptococci)

A

Partial/incomplete
hemolysis

Green

S. pneumoniae

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15
Q

B. SMITH AND BROWN’S CLASSIFICATION

BASED ON HEMOLYTIC PATTERN

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Alpha hemolytic streptococci
  2. Beta hemolytic streptococci
  3. Gamma hemolytic streptococci
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16
Q
  1. BETA-HEMOLYTIC
    STREPTOCOCCI

_________________
of RBCs around the
colony

_____________colony

_____________ discoloration

Species:
_____________, _____________

A

Complete hemolysis

Clear area/zone
around

Yellow

S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae

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17
Q
  1. GAMMA-HEMOLYTIC
    STREPTOCOCCI

_____________________/red
cells immediately
surrounding the
colony are
unaffected (no
change)

Species: ______________

A

NO lysis of RBCs
around colony

E. faecalis

(GROUP D)

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18
Q

C. LANCEFIELD

BASED ON THE ANTIGENIC NATURE OF CELL WALL
CARBOHYDRATES – _______________

A

C-polysaccharide

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19
Q

_____________ to man

Not considered part of the ________________
Acquired thru contaminated droplets by
cough or sneeze

Species: __________________- – “fever producing
bacteria,” flesh eating bacteria (involves
deeper tissues and organs)

A

Group A Streptococci
Not considered part of the normal flora
S. pyogenes

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20
Q

GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI

Principal virulence factor: ________________

Other virulence factor:

________________ – mediates epithelial cell
attachment

________________ – bacterial adherence to the respiratory epithelium

A

M-protein (type
specific; anti-phagocytic)

Protein F
Lipoteichoic acid

21
Q
  • “Oxygen labile”; highly antigenic
  • responsible for subsurface hemolysis on
    BAP
A

A. STREPTOLYSIN O

22
Q

cause lysis of WBC, platelets, tissue cells

A

BAP

23
Q

– detects recent infection w/ S.
pyogenes

A

ASO Test

24
Q
  • “Oxygen stable”; non antigenic
  • responsible for surface hemolysis on BAP
  • it causes lysis of WBCs
A

B. STREPTOLYSIN S

25
Q

degrading DNA via
hydrolysis of its phosphodiester backbone

A
  1. DEOXYRIBONUCLEASES
26
Q
  • a protein that binds to plasminogen and
    activates the production of plasmin
A

STREPTOKINASE

27
Q
  • it allows the bacteria to move from clotted
    area
  • it activates a host blood-factor that dissolves
    fibrin clots
A
  1. STREPTOKINASE
28
Q

to separate the tissue and spread the organism

A
  1. HYALURONIDASE
29
Q
  • serotypes A, B, C
  • exotoxin B (cysteine protease) – degrades proteins
A
  1. PYROGENIC (ERYTHROGENIC) TOXINS
30
Q

STREPTOCOCCI A

INFECTIONS AND DISEASES
1. PHARYNGITIS OR TONSILITTIS –
“STREP THROAT”
2. SCARLET FEVER (SCARLATINA)
3. SKIN INFECTION

PSS

A
31
Q

Results from a throat infection with a strain of
S. pyogenes that carries a lysogenic
bacteriophage.

Acquired through respiratory droplet

Cardinal signs: diffused ________ on the upper
chest and spreads to the trunk and extremities
and____________________________

Caused by the release of erythrogenic
toxin/strep pyrogenic exotoxin

A

SCARLETT FEVER (SCARLATINA)
red rash
strawberry colored-tongue

32
Q

2 indications of scarlett fever

A

Red cheeks and rash
Strawberry tongue

33
Q

susceptibility test for scarlet fever
- (+) erythema – redness

A

DICK’S TEST (ERYTHROGENIC TOXIN)

34
Q
  • diagnostic test for scarlet fever
  • used to diagnostic present scarlet fever
  • (+) “blanching phenomenon” – rash fade
A

SCHULTZ CHARLTON REACTION

35
Q
  • is a diffuse, spreading
    infection of
    subcutaneous skin
    tissue characterized by
    a defined area of
    redness (erythema) and
    accumulation of fluid
    (edema)
A

CELLULITIS

36
Q
  • is an acute infection
    and inflammation of the
    dermal layer of the skin
    characterized by painful
    reddish patches that
    enlarge and thicken with
    sharply defined edges
  • may also lead to
    necrotizing fasciitis and
    myositis – “galloping
    gangrene”
A

ERYSIPELAS

37
Q
  • inflammatory disease of the renal glomeruli;
    results from the deposition of
    antigen-antibody complexes.
A

ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS OR BRIGHT’S
DISEASE

38
Q

Skin infection

streptococci A

1.
2,
3,
4.

A
  1. Cellulitis
  2. Erysipelas
  3. rheumatoid arthritis
    4.Acute glomerulonephritis / bright’s disease
39
Q

Streptococci B

Diagnostic test
1.
2.

A
  1. BACITRACIN DISK TEST
    2.
40
Q

Differentiates S.
pyogenes from other
β-hemolytic group

Result: ______________

Group ______ and _________are also
susceptible

A

BACITRACIN DISK TEST

(+) any zone of inhibition

Group C and G

41
Q

Positive:
_______________

Negative:
_________________

(Group __________ and ____________)

A

Any zone of inhibition

No Zone of inhibition

A and Group B

42
Q

Specific than Bacitracin
test

(+) bright/cherry red
color
(β-napththylamide)
upon adding 0.01%
cinnamaldehyde
reagent

(-) no color change

Other PYR test positive
organisms:
Enterococcus,
Aerococcus, Gemella

A

L-pyrrolidonyl-β-napththylamide
(PYR) TEST

43
Q

Part of the normal flora of female genital tract
and lower GIT

Nosocomially transmitted by unwashed hands
of mother or healthcare personnel.

Infection of fetuses and infants – infection
during passage through the colonized birth
canal, and premature rupture of mother’s
membranes

A

GROUP B STREPTOCOCCI

44
Q

On culture, it is ________________ hemolysis

Species: ________________

Virulence factor: ___________ –
signifiant component of the capsule)

Enzymes: _____________, _____________, ______________, _____________, ________

A

GROUP B STREPTOCOCCI

grayish white mucoid w/ small zone of beta

S. agalactiae

capsule (sialic acid

hemolysin,
CAMP factor,
neuraminidase,
deoxyribonuclease,
hyaluronidase
and protease

HCNDHP

45
Q

Group B streptocci

DISEASES AND INFECTIONS

A

Pneumonia
Neonatal Meningitis
Neonatal sepsis
Postpartum infection
Osteomyelitis
UTI
endocarditis

PNNPOUE

46
Q

To differentiate S.
agalactiae from other
β-hemolytic
streptococci

A

CAMP TEST

47
Q

It uses β-lysin –
producing strain of__________or disk
impregnated w/ β lysin

Result (+) arrow-head
β-hemolysis near S.
aureus growth / (+)
__________________

A

CAMP TEST

S.aureus
bowtie appearance

48
Q

S. agalactiae possesses
the enzyme hippuricase

Reagent: sodium +
ninhydrin

Results

(+) Purple color after
adding Ninhydrin rgt
(indicates hippurate
hydrolysis)

(-) no color change

A

HIPPURATE HYDROLYSIS TEST

49
Q
A

BACTERIOLOGY LEC (8 decks)

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