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BACTERIOLOGY LEC > LESSON 2 - MICROBIAL CONTROL > Flashcards

LESSON 2 - MICROBIAL CONTROL Flashcards

1
Q

Ignatz Semmelweis

A

Develop microbial control practice for medical procedures

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2
Q

Sterilization

A

Process by which all living microorganisms including viable spores, are either
destroyed or removed from an article, body surface or medium.

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3
Q

Disinfection

A

Process that destroys or removes most if not all pathogenic organisms but not
bacterial spores.

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4
Q

Antiseptic

A

A chemical substance which oppose sepsis or putrefaction either by killing
microorganism or preventing their growth.

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5
Q

Sterile

A

Free of a living of every kind

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6
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Having the property of inhibiting bacterial growth or multiplication

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7
Q

Bactericidal

A

Having the property of killing or destroying bacteria precipitates bacterial protein
(H2SO4, HCl)

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8
Q

Germicide/Disinfec
tant

A

A chemical substance used to kill infection producing microorganism on the
surface but too toxic to be applied directly on tissues

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9
Q

Septic

A

Characterized by the presence of pathogenic microbes in living tissue

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10
Q

Aseptic

A

Characterized by the absence of pathogenic microbes

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11
Q

Decimal Reduction
Time ( DRT/ D/D)

A

Time in minutes to reduce the bacterial population or spores by 90% at a specified
temperature.

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12
Q

Asepsis

A

Process where the chemical agents (called antiseptics) applied to body surfaces
(skin) will kill or inhibit the pathogenic microorganisms (and also commensals)
present on skin.

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13
Q

Decontamination
(or sanitization)-

A

Reduction of pathogenic microbial population to a level at which items are
considered as safe to handle without protective attire.

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14
Q

1.Sunlight

A

2.Drying

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15
Q

Method

A

Principle

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16
Q

Sunlight

A

Active microbicidal effect due to its content of
ultraviolet rays.

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17
Q

Drying

A

70-80% of the weight of the bacterial cell is
due to water. Drying, therefore has a
deleterious effect on many bacteria.

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18
Q

Dry heat

A

Kills the organisms by charring, denaturation
of bacterial protein, oxidative damage and
by the toxic effect of elevated levels of electrolytes.

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19
Q

Moist heat

A

Kills the microorganisms by denaturation
and coagulation of proteins.

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20
Q

Flaming

A

Items are held in the flame of a Bunsen burner either for
long time or short time.

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21
Q

Incineration

A

Used for the disposal of waste materials.

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22
Q

Principle

A

Thickening Through Evaporation

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23
Q

Definition

A

Sterilize high protein-containing media that cannot
withstand high temperature

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24
Q

Temperature

A

70-80 degree Celsius for 3 consecutive days

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25
Q

Instrument

A

Inspissator

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26
Q

METHODS

A

TEMPERATURE

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27
Q

BOILING WATER
(STEAM)

A

100

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28
Q

Autoclave (steam
under Pressure)

A

121.6

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29
Q

Pasteurization Batch
Method

A

63

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30
Q

Pasteurization Flash
Method

A

72

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31
Q

Oven (Dry Heat)

A

160-180

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32
Q

Definition

A

Direct application of flame in aseptic technique,
Flaming with a Bunsen Burner
(Flaming mouth of culture tubes or slides),

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33
Q

Instrument

A

Bunsen Burner

34
Q

Principle

A

The heat is absorbed by the outside surface of
the item, then passes towards the center of the

35
Q

MOA

A

Dry heat does most of the damage by
oxidizing molecules.
The essential cell constituents are destroyed and
the organism dies.
The temperature is maintained for almost an
hour to kill the most difficult of the resistant
spores.

36
Q

Temperature

A

170°C (340°F) for 30 minutes,
160°C (320°F) for 60 minutes,
150°C (300°F) for 150 minutes or longer depending
on the volume.

37
Q

Biological Indicator/
Quality Control

A

Bacillus subtilis var niger (Bacillus atrophaeus)
at 35-37 degree Celsius

38
Q

Berkefield
Filter

A

Diatomaceous
Earth

39
Q

Chamberland
Filer

A

Unglazed
Porcelain

40
Q

Seitz

A

Compressed
Asbestos

41
Q

Membrane
Filters
(Swinney)

A

Millipore 0.22
mm

42
Q

Chemosterilizers

A

Chemical used to sterilize
Antimicrobial Agent- chemicals that kill microorganisms or prevent their growth
-cide (Latin CIDA= KILL)- kill organism
-static (Greek Statikos- causing to stand or stop)- do not kill but prevents
the growth

43
Q

-

A

Carcinogenicity

44
Q

Principle

A

The machine introduces steam into the sterilization
chamber, which is then exhausted

45
Q

Definition

A

• Most commonly used for sterilization
• Alkylation of nucleic acids in the spore and
vegetative cells

46
Q

Recommended
Concentration

A

450-700 mg of ethylene oxide per liter of chamber
space at 55-60 degree Celsius for 2 hours

47
Q

Biological Indicator

A

Bacillus subtilis var globijii

48
Q

Principle

A

Kills all vegetative organism but not all spores or viruses

49
Q

Definition

A

• Used in surgical instruments, needles,
• hypodermic syringes, rubber stoppers

50
Q

Effective Indication

A

100 Degree Celsius for 15-30 minutes (20 minutes)

51
Q

MOA

A

Degree to Cellular DNA by producing Thymine Dimers

52
Q

Definition

A

Used in surgical instruments, needles, hypodermic
syringes, rubber stoppers

53
Q

Radiation

A

• Ultraviolet rays (10um to 400 um) in which

54
Q

MOA

A

Partially sterilizing organic solutions by heat without
altering their chemical properties

55
Q

Definition

A

• Used to sterilize milk, dairy products and
alcoholic beverages

56
Q

3 Types

A
  1. Low-Temperature Holding (LTH)/ Batch Method
57
Q

I.

A

ALCOHOL

58
Q

II.

A

HALOGEN

59
Q

Tincture

A

iodine solution (2% iodine) + alcohol (70% alcohol)
Antiseptics

60
Q

Iodophor

A

• Combination of iodine and neutral polymer

61
Q

MOA

A

Oxidative effects of hypochlorous acid, formed
when chlorideions are dissolved in water

62
Q

Definition

A

Hypochlorite- liquid sodium hypochlorite
(household bleach) + Sodium calcium hypochlorite
Long Exposure required for sporicidal action
(not used as sterilant)

63
Q

Others

A

Concentrated Bleach- Should not be used for
disinfection(Corrosive)
0.5-1% Sodium Hypochlorite- used as disinfection,
stable for 30 days)
1:10 dilution of 5.25%- Recommended by CDC for
cleaning up blood spill

64
Q

MOA

A

Denatures enzymes and other essential bacterial
proteins
Inactivating and precipitating cell protein
Combines with sulfhydryl groups of cellular proteins
- acts as denaturation

65
Q

Definition

A

Slowly bactericidal; bacteriostatic

66
Q

Examples

A

Copper, Arsernic, Mercury, Silver, Zinc

67
Q

Uses

A

Used on Burns

68
Q

Definition

A

1% AgNO3- used for prophylactic agent in Crede’s
Prophylaxis in suspected Ophthlamia neonatorum
(caused Neisseria gonorrhoaea) replaced with
Erythromycin

69
Q

1% Silver Nitrate

A

1% Eye Drop Solution
Prevent gonoccal (Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
conjunctivitis in newbors

70
Q

MOA

A

Derived by substitution of the four valence
ammonium ion with alkyhalides

71
Q

Definition

A

Molecules of phenol (carbolic acid) that have been
chemically substituted, typically by halogen, alkyl,
phenyl or benzyl groups
Not sporidal
Found in germicidal soaps

72
Q

Type

A

Agent

73
Q

Alcohol
(50-70%)

A

• Ethanol
• Isopropanol
• Benzyl Alcohol

74
Q

Aldehydes
(in
solutions)

A

• Formaldehyde (8%)
• Glutaraldehyde (2%)

75
Q

Halogens

A

• Tincture of iodine
(2% in 70% alcohol)

76
Q

Heavy

A

• Silver Nitrate

77
Q

Metals

A

(AgNO3)

78
Q

Detergent

A

• Quaternary
Ammonium

79
Q

Phenolics

A

• Phenols
• Carbolic Acid
• Lysol
• Hexachlorophene

80
Q

Gases

A

• Ethylene Oxide

BACTERIOLOGY LEC (8 decks)

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