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Micropara Lec (MIDTERMS) > Streptococcus > Flashcards

Streptococcus Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of gram is streptococcus

A

Gram positive cocci

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2
Q

what is streptococcus arranged like

A

arranged in pairs or chains

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3
Q

is Genus streptococcus catalase positive or negative

A

Catalase negative

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4
Q

is fastidious; grown in enriched media

A

Genus Streptococcus

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5
Q

anaerobe type of Genus Streptococcus

A

Most are Facultative anaerobe

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6
Q

non-motile but would just grow along the stab line or along the line of inoculation

A

Genus Streptococcus

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7
Q

also known as Wide Zone

A

Alpha-Prime (α’)

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8
Q

very small zone of NO HEMOLYSIS and then a wider zone of β-hemolysis

A

Hemolytic pattern on sheep’s blood agar

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9
Q

mistaken as β hemolysis at first glance

A

Hemolytic pattern on sheep’s blood agar

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10
Q

type of infection, site of origin

A

Physiologic characteristics

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11
Q

are given letter names A, B, C, D, E, through S.

A

Lancefield classification

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12
Q

what is present or extracted from the cell wall in Lancefield classification

A

C Carbohydrate

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13
Q

out of 30 species of streptococci how many are significant human pathogens

A

5

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14
Q

3 from the 5 sp streptococci are Lancefield group which are they>

A

Group A,B, and D

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15
Q

pus-producing
strep throat, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, & post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

A

Group A Beta-hemolytic Strep

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16
Q

major virulence factor for group A streptococcus. It
inhibits the activation of complement and protects from phagocytosis
However, it is also the weakest point in the organism’s defense
antibodies bind to the M protein (opsonization), aiding in the destruction of the organism by macrophages and neutrophils

A

M protein (80 types)

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17
Q

two cell wall antigens

A

C carbohydrate and M Protein

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18
Q

what is oposonization

A

to tag foreign pathogens

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19
Q

also called Group A beta hemolytic strep

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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20
Q

antigen causing increased ASO titer

A

Streptolysin O

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21
Q

what does O stand for in Streptolysin O

A

Oxygen labile as it is inactivated by oxygen

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22
Q

is the reason for beta-hemolytic ability

A

enzyme destroys RBC & WBC

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23
Q

also responsible for beta-hemolysis but is not antigenic

A

Streptolysin S:

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24
Q

what does S stand for in Streptolysin S

A

oxygen stabile

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25
Q

cause scarlet fever
causes streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

A

Pyrogenic exotoxin | erythrogenic toxin

26
Q

Exotoxins

A

Streptolysin O
Streptolysin S
Pyrogenic exotoxin | erythrogenic toxin

27
Q

Disease caused by local invasion or exotoxin release

A

Streptococcal pharyngitis
Streptococcal skin infections
Scarlet fever
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

28
Q

Disease from delayed antibody mediated diseases:

A

Rheumatic fever
Glomerulonephritis

29
Q

classic strep throat
red swollen tonsils and pharynx
a purulent exudate on tonsils, fever, swollen lymph nodes
usually lasts 5 days (penicillin therapy speeds recovery)

A

Streptococcal pharyngitis

30
Q

infection of the dermis
raised, bright red rash with sharp border

A

Erysipelas:

31
Q

Skin infections of Streptococcus pyogenes through exotoxin release

A

folliculitis, cellulitis, impetigo

32
Q

flesh eating strep
break in skin caused by trauma then follow a path along fascia
patient develops swelling, heat, & redness that moves rapidly from initial infection site
day later skin changes from red to purple to blue, & large blisters form
later skin dies & muscle become infected

A

Necrotizing Fasciitis

33
Q

produced pyrogenic toxin or erythrogenic toxin
fever, sorethroat & scarlet-red rash
rash begins on trunk and neck then spreads to extremities, sparing the face
strawberry tongue

A

Scarlet fever:

34
Q

similar to scarlet fever, also mediated by the release of pyrogenic toxin
signs and symptoms are similar with staph TSS

A

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome:

35
Q

affects children 5-15 years of age
follows untreated streptococcal pharyngitis NOT after a skin infection

A

Rheumatic fever:

36
Q

6 major manifestations rheumatic fever

A

Fever
Myocarditis
Arthritis
Chorea
Subcutaneous nodules
Erythema marginatum

37
Q

antigens in heart are similar to antigens of S. pyogenes
antibodies that form to eradicate streptococcus cross-react with antigens in the heart
chest pain and may develop arrhythmias or heart failure
most frequently damaged site of the heart is the mitral valve

A

Rheumatic fever:

38
Q

joint pain of rheumatic fever is classified as an

A

acute migratory polyarthritis

39
Q

antibody-mediated inflammatory disease of glomeruli, occurs 1 week after infection of either pharynx OR skin by nephritogenic strains of S. pyogenes. antigen-antibody complexes travel to and are deposited in the glomerular basement membrane causing local glomerular destruction
child with puffy face, urine is darker than normal (tea or coca-cola colored) due to hematuria
hypervolemia secondary to fluid retention, which can cause high blood pressure
had sore throat or skin infection a week or so ago. has a good prognosis

A

Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis:

40
Q

normal flora of lower GIT
beta-hemolytic
25% of women carry it vaginally which a baby can acquire during delivery
causes neonatal (< 3 months of age) meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis
neonates display nonspecific signs, such as fever, vomiting, poor feeding, and irritability
diagnosis of meningitis is made by a lumbar puncture
antibiotics are often started prior to the results of lumbar puncture and must cover Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and group B streptococcus

A

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B strep)

41
Q

occur first 3 days after birth (usually within 24 hours)
commonly associated with obstetric complications and premature birth

A

Early – onset Infection of Streptococcus agalactiae

42
Q

onset infection of Streptococcus agalactiae causes

A

Neonatal pneumonia

43
Q

most important determining factor of early-onset infection of Group B strep

A

presence of Group B strep in vagina

44
Q

occurs between 1 week and 3 months after birth

A

Late – onset Infection

45
Q

cause of Late – onset Infection
Streptococcus agalactiae

A

neonatal meningitis

46
Q

uncommonly associated with obstetric complications
organism is rarely found in the mother’s vagina prior to birth
mortality rate is considerably less than that of early-onset disease

A

Late – onset Infection

47
Q

Virulence Factors of Streptococcus agalactiae

A

Capusle
Sialic Acid

48
Q

prevents phagocytosis
ineffective after opsonization

A

Capsule

49
Q

the most significant component of the capsule
Loss of Sialic acid = loss of virulence

A

Sialic acid

50
Q

major cause of bacterial pneumonia & meningitis in adults; otitis media in children
appear as lancet-shaped, gram-positive cocci arranged in pairs (diplococci)
major virulence factor is its capsule

A

Pneumococcus

51
Q

Viridan Group Streptococci

A

S. salivarius, S. sanguis, S. mitis, S. intermedius, S. mutans

52
Q

Latin word for green

A

Viridis

53
Q

most of viridans streptococci are

A

alpha-hemolytic

54
Q

bind to teeth & ferment sugar producing acid and dental caries

A

S. mutans

55
Q

Dental manipulations spreads organisms into the bloodstream then implants the heart

A

Endocarditis

56
Q

Enterococcus

A

S. faecalis, S. faecium

57
Q

normal flora of intestines
alpha hemolytic
urinary tract infections, biliary tract infections
one of the most common cause of nosocomial infections

A

Enterococcus

58
Q

Group D Strep

A

S. bovis, S. equinus

59
Q

association between S. bovis infection and colon cancer
50% of people with S. bovis bacteremia have a colonic malignancy

A

Group D Strep

60
Q

BOVIS in the BLOOD:

A

Better Beware, CANCER in the BOWEL

Micropara Lec (MIDTERMS) (4 decks)

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