Streptococcus

Question 1

what kind of gram is streptococcus

Answer 1

Gram positive cocci

Question 2

what is streptococcus arranged like

Answer 2

arranged in pairs or chains

Question 3

is Genus streptococcus catalase positive or negative

Answer 3

Catalase negative

Question 4

is fastidious; grown in enriched media

Answer 4

Genus Streptococcus

Question 5

anaerobe type of Genus Streptococcus

Answer 5

Most are Facultative anaerobe

Question 6

non-motile but would just grow along the stab line or along the line of inoculation

Answer 6

Genus Streptococcus

Question 7

also known as Wide Zone

Answer 7

Alpha-Prime (α’)

Question 8

very small zone of NO HEMOLYSIS and then a wider zone of β-hemolysis

Answer 8

Hemolytic pattern on sheep’s blood agar

Question 9

mistaken as β hemolysis at first glance

Answer 9

Hemolytic pattern on sheep’s blood agar

Question 10

type of infection, site of origin

Answer 10

Physiologic characteristics

Question 11

are given letter names A, B, C, D, E, through S.

Answer 11

Lancefield classification

Question 12

what is present or extracted from the cell wall in Lancefield classification

Answer 12

C Carbohydrate

Question 13

out of 30 species of streptococci how many are significant human pathogens

Answer 13

5

Question 14

3 from the 5 sp streptococci are Lancefield group which are they>

Answer 14

Group A,B, and D

Question 15

pus-producing
strep throat, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, & post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Answer 15

Group A Beta-hemolytic Strep

Question 16

major virulence factor for group A streptococcus. It
inhibits the activation of complement and protects from phagocytosis
However, it is also the weakest point in the organism’s defense
antibodies bind to the M protein (opsonization), aiding in the destruction of the organism by macrophages and neutrophils

Answer 16

M protein (80 types)

Question 17

two cell wall antigens

Answer 17

C carbohydrate and M Protein

Question 18

what is oposonization

Answer 18

to tag foreign pathogens

Question 19

also called Group A beta hemolytic strep

Answer 19

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 20

antigen causing increased ASO titer

Answer 20

Streptolysin O

Question 21

what does O stand for in Streptolysin O

Answer 21

Oxygen labile as it is inactivated by oxygen

Question 22

is the reason for beta-hemolytic ability

Answer 22

enzyme destroys RBC & WBC

Question 23

also responsible for beta-hemolysis but is not antigenic

Answer 23

Streptolysin S:

Question 24

what does S stand for in Streptolysin S

Answer 24

oxygen stabile

Question 25

cause scarlet fever causes streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

Answer 25

Pyrogenic exotoxin | erythrogenic toxin

Question 26

Exotoxins

Answer 26

Streptolysin O Streptolysin S Pyrogenic exotoxin | erythrogenic toxin

Question 27

Disease caused by local invasion or exotoxin release

Answer 27

Streptococcal pharyngitis Streptococcal skin infections Scarlet fever Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

Question 28

Disease from delayed antibody mediated diseases:

Answer 28

Rheumatic fever Glomerulonephritis

Question 29

classic strep throat red swollen tonsils and pharynx a purulent exudate on tonsils, fever, swollen lymph nodes usually lasts 5 days (penicillin therapy speeds recovery)

Answer 29

Streptococcal pharyngitis

Question 30

infection of the dermis raised, bright red rash with sharp border

Answer 30

Erysipelas:

Question 31

Skin infections of Streptococcus pyogenes through exotoxin release

Answer 31

folliculitis, cellulitis, impetigo

Question 32

flesh eating strep break in skin caused by trauma then follow a path along fascia patient develops swelling, heat, & redness that moves rapidly from initial infection site day later skin changes from red to purple to blue, & large blisters form later skin dies & muscle become infected

Answer 32

Necrotizing Fasciitis

Question 33

produced pyrogenic toxin or erythrogenic toxin fever, sorethroat & scarlet-red rash rash begins on trunk and neck then spreads to extremities, sparing the face strawberry tongue

Answer 33

Scarlet fever:

Question 34

similar to scarlet fever, also mediated by the release of pyrogenic toxin signs and symptoms are similar with staph TSS

Answer 34

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome:

Question 35

affects children 5-15 years of age follows untreated streptococcal pharyngitis NOT after a skin infection

Answer 35

Rheumatic fever:

Question 36

6 major manifestations rheumatic fever

Answer 36

Fever Myocarditis Arthritis Chorea Subcutaneous nodules Erythema marginatum

Question 37

antigens in heart are similar to antigens of S. pyogenes antibodies that form to eradicate streptococcus cross-react with antigens in the heart chest pain and may develop arrhythmias or heart failure most frequently damaged site of the heart is the mitral valve

Answer 37

Rheumatic fever:

Question 38

joint pain of rheumatic fever is classified as an

Answer 38

acute migratory polyarthritis

Question 39

antibody-mediated inflammatory disease of glomeruli, occurs 1 week after infection of either pharynx OR skin by nephritogenic strains of S. pyogenes. antigen-antibody complexes travel to and are deposited in the glomerular basement membrane causing local glomerular destruction child with puffy face, urine is darker than normal (tea or coca-cola colored) due to hematuria hypervolemia secondary to fluid retention, which can cause high blood pressure had sore throat or skin infection a week or so ago. has a good prognosis

Answer 39

Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis:

Question 40

normal flora of lower GIT beta-hemolytic 25% of women carry it vaginally which a baby can acquire during delivery causes neonatal (< 3 months of age) meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis neonates display nonspecific signs, such as fever, vomiting, poor feeding, and irritability diagnosis of meningitis is made by a lumbar puncture antibiotics are often started prior to the results of lumbar puncture and must cover Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and group B streptococcus

Answer 40

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B strep)

Question 41

occur first 3 days after birth (usually within 24 hours) commonly associated with obstetric complications and premature birth

Answer 41

Early – onset Infection of Streptococcus agalactiae

Question 42

onset infection of Streptococcus agalactiae causes

Answer 42

Neonatal pneumonia

Question 43

most important determining factor of early-onset infection of Group B strep

Answer 43

presence of Group B strep in vagina

Question 44

occurs between 1 week and 3 months after birth

Answer 44

Late – onset Infection

Question 45

cause of Late – onset Infection Streptococcus agalactiae

Answer 45

neonatal meningitis

Question 46

uncommonly associated with obstetric complications organism is rarely found in the mother’s vagina prior to birth mortality rate is considerably less than that of early-onset disease

Answer 46

Late – onset Infection

Question 47

Virulence Factors of Streptococcus agalactiae

Answer 47

Capusle Sialic Acid

Question 48

prevents phagocytosis ineffective after opsonization

Answer 48

Capsule

Question 49

the most significant component of the capsule Loss of Sialic acid = loss of virulence

Answer 49

Sialic acid

Question 50

major cause of bacterial pneumonia & meningitis in adults; otitis media in children appear as lancet-shaped, gram-positive cocci arranged in pairs (diplococci) major virulence factor is its capsule

Answer 50

Pneumococcus

Question 51

Viridan Group Streptococci

Answer 51

S. salivarius, S. sanguis, S. mitis, S. intermedius, S. mutans

Question 52

Latin word for green

Answer 52

Viridis

Question 53

most of viridans streptococci are

Answer 53

alpha-hemolytic

Question 54

bind to teeth & ferment sugar producing acid and dental caries

Answer 54

S. mutans

Question 55

Dental manipulations spreads organisms into the bloodstream then implants the heart

Answer 55

Endocarditis

Question 56

Enterococcus

Answer 56

S. faecalis, S. faecium

Question 57

normal flora of intestines alpha hemolytic urinary tract infections, biliary tract infections one of the most common cause of nosocomial infections

Answer 57

Enterococcus

Question 58

Group D Strep

Answer 58

S. bovis, S. equinus

Question 59

association between S. bovis infection and colon cancer 50% of people with S. bovis bacteremia have a colonic malignancy

Answer 59

Group D Strep

Question 60

BOVIS in the BLOOD:

Answer 60

Better Beware, CANCER in the BOWEL