Streptococci II Flashcards
What are enterococci and the clinically important species?
Normal flora of the large bowel
Antibiotic resistance is common
Most common cause of nosocomial infection
E. faecalis
E. faecium - normally more resistant to antibiotics
What are some characteristics of enterococci?
Gram +
Grows in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions
Group D cell wall antigen - TA
Catalase negative
Bacitracin resistane
Variable hemolysis
What are the treatments for enterococcus infections?
Vancomycin/gentamycin
Ampicillin/gentamycin
If vancomycin resistant (Vancomycin-resistane enterococcus)
Linezolid, Daptomycin
What can’t you treat enterococcus infections with?
Penicillin, ampicillin, vancomycin only
Resistant to cell wall agents
Impermeable to aminoglycosides
How are enterococcus UTIs acquired and dealt with?
Often hospital acquired, associated with catheters
Removal of the catheter alone may cure the infection
What is enterococcus endocarditis?
Rare cause
Usually after manipulation of GU tract
Vancomycin/gentamycin often used
What is strep bovis?
Normal colonic bacteria
Rare cause of bacteremia/endocarditis
What are Viridans Streptococci?
Major part of normal flora of the mouth and teeth
ID: a-hemolytic, resistance to optochin and no Lancefield antigens
Cause dental carries (Strep sanguinis)
What is the clinical significance of strep sanguinis?
Cause of Sub-acute endocarditis
Slow onset symptoms
Often affects abonrmal valves
Treatment is Penicillin and antibiotic prophylaxis
