STRENGTH OF MATERIALS TERMS

Question 1

refers to the energy stored in a material due to its deformation

Answer 1

strain energy

Question 2

indicates the maximum amount of strain-energy the material can absorb just before it fractures (ability to absorb energy in plastic range)

Answer 2

modulus of toughness

Question 3

represents the largest amount of internal strain energy per unit volume the material can absorb without causing any permanent damage to the material (ability to absorb energy in the elastic range)

Answer 3

modulus of resilience

Question 4

refers to the property of a material which makes it return to its original state when the load is removed

Answer 4

elasticity

Question 5

refers to the ability of a material to deform in the plastic range without breaking

Answer 5

ductility

Question 6

ability to resist a deformation within the linear range; this is equal to the amount of force required to produce unit deformation

Answer 6

stiffness

Question 7

inverse of stiffness is _____

Answer 7

flexibility

Question 8

refers to a material’s resistance to fracture

Answer 8

toughness

Question 9

refers to a material’s resistance to indentation

Answer 9

hardness

Question 10

is any material that can be subjected to large strains before it fractures

Answer 10

ductile material

Question 11

are materials that exhibit little or no yielding before failure are referred to as brittle materials

Answer 11

brittle materials

Question 12

is a material that has the same physical and mechanical properties throughout its volume or material has the same composition at any point

Answer 12

homogeneous material

Question 13

is a material that has same physical and mechanical properties in all directions

Answer 13

isotropic material

Question 14

is a material that has properties at a particular point, which differ along three mutually-orthogonal axes

Answer 14

orthotropic material

Question 15

describes a member with the same cross sections throughout its length

Answer 15

prismatic

Question 16

when a material must support a load for a very long period, it may continue to deform until a sudden fracture occurs or its usefulness is impaired; this time dependent permanent deformation is known as _____

Answer 16

creep

Question 17

when a material is subjected to repeated cycles of stress or strain, it causes its structure to break down, ultimately leading to fracture; this behavior is called _____

Answer 17

fatigue

Question 18

lateral deflection that occurs when long slender members are subjected to an axial compressive
force

Answer 18

buckling

Question 19

a slight increase in stress above the elastic limit will result in a breakdown of the material and causes it to deform permanently; this behavior is called _____ and the deformation that occurs is called _____

Answer 19

yielding; plastic deformation

Question 20

when yielding has ended, an increase in load can be supported by the specimen, until it reaches a maximum stress referred to as the ultimate stress

Answer 20

strain hardening

Question 21

just after the ultimate stress, the cross-sectional area will begin to decrease in a localized region of the specimen, until the specimen breaks at the fracture stress

Answer 21

necking