STRENGTH OF MATERIALS TERMS Flashcards
refers to the energy stored in a material due to its deformation
strain energy
indicates the maximum amount of strain-energy the material can absorb just before it fractures (ability to absorb energy in plastic range)
modulus of toughness
represents the largest amount of internal strain energy per unit volume the material can absorb without causing any permanent damage to the material (ability to absorb energy in the elastic range)
modulus of resilience
refers to the property of a material which makes it return to its original state when the load is removed
elasticity
refers to the ability of a material to deform in the plastic range without breaking
ductility
ability to resist a deformation within the linear range; this is equal to the amount of force required to produce unit deformation
stiffness
inverse of stiffness is _____
flexibility
refers to a material’s resistance to fracture
toughness
refers to a material’s resistance to indentation
hardness
is any material that can be subjected to large strains before it fractures
ductile material
are materials that exhibit little or no yielding before failure are referred to as brittle materials
brittle materials
is a material that has the same physical and mechanical properties throughout its volume or material has the same composition at any point
homogeneous material
is a material that has same physical and mechanical properties in all directions
isotropic material
is a material that has properties at a particular point, which differ along three mutually-orthogonal axes
orthotropic material
describes a member with the same cross sections throughout its length
prismatic
when a material must support a load for a very long period, it may continue to deform until a sudden fracture occurs or its usefulness is impaired; this time dependent permanent deformation is known as _____
creep
when a material is subjected to repeated cycles of stress or strain, it causes its structure to break down, ultimately leading to fracture; this behavior is called _____
fatigue
lateral deflection that occurs when long slender members are subjected to an axial compressive
force
buckling
a slight increase in stress above the elastic limit will result in a breakdown of the material and causes it to deform permanently; this behavior is called _____ and the deformation that occurs is called _____
yielding; plastic deformation
when yielding has ended, an increase in load can be supported by the specimen, until it reaches a maximum stress referred to as the ultimate stress
strain hardening
just after the ultimate stress, the cross-sectional area will begin to decrease in a localized region of the specimen, until the specimen breaks at the fracture stress
necking
