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PSAD [CELE APRIL 2025] > EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING TERMS > Flashcards

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING TERMS Flashcards

1
Q

it is the space between two adjacent floors

A

story

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2
Q

are rigid horizontal planes used to transfer lateral forces to vertical resisting elements

A

diaphragms

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3
Q

refers to a wall designed to resist lateral forces acting in its own plane, typically wind and seismic loads

A

shear wall

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4
Q

stiffened walls that are capable of transferring lateral forces from floors and roofs to the foundation

A

shear wall

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5
Q

refers to the point where the object “suffers” no torque by the effect of the gravitational force acted upon it

A

center of gravity

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6
Q

refers to the center of resistance of a floor or diaphragm against lateral forces

A

center of rigidity

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7
Q

it is the point through which the resultant of the resistance to the applied lateral force acts

A

center of rigidity

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8
Q

refers to the point through which the resultant of the masses of a system acts

A

center of mass

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9
Q

it is the point through which the applied lateral force acts

A

center of mass

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10
Q

refers to the point point through which the resultant of the restoring forces of a system acts

A

center of stiffness

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11
Q

refers to the distance between the center of rigidity and the center of mass

A

eccentricity

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12
Q

refers to the total design lateral force at the base of a structure

A

design seismic base shear

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13
Q

refers to the lateral displacement of one level relative to the level above or below

A

story drift

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14
Q

refers to the lateral displacement of the story relative to the base

A

story displacement

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15
Q

refers to the shear stress that occurs when the structure’s center of mass does not coincide with its center of rigidity

A

torsional shear stress

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16
Q

refers to the phenomenon that occurs when a building period coincides with the earthquake period

A

resonance

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17
Q

refers to the time period of undamped free vibration of a structure

A

natural period

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18
Q

refers to the rate at which natural vibration is absorbed

A

damping

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19
Q

the effect of internal friction, imperfect elasticity of material, slipping, sliding, etc. in reducing the amplitude of vibration

A

damping

20
Q

refers to the geographical point on the surface of earth vertically above the focus of the earthquake

A

epicenter

21
Q

refers to the origin/source of the elastic waves inside the earth which cause shaking of ground due to earthquake

A

focus

22
Q

refers to the capacity to undergo large inelastic deformations without significant loss of strength or stiffness

A

ductility

23
Q

refers to the state in saturated cohesionless soil wherein the effective shear strength is reduced to negligible value

A

liquefaction

24
Q

condition when soil tends to behave like a fluid mass

A

liquefaction

25
Q

five (5) factors that affect earthquake loads

A
  • magnitude
  • proximity of structure from fault
  • type of system/structure
  • occupancy
  • soil properties
26
Q

refers to the measure of the strength of shaking during the earthquake

A

intensity

27
Q

it is sometimes presented in terms of observed damage

A

intensity

28
Q

refers to the measure of total energy released in an earthquake

A

magnitude

29
Q

this measure is often given by the Richter scale

A

magnitude

30
Q

refers to the instrument used to record the motion of the ground during an earthquake

A

seismograph

31
Q

the location where an earthquake is initiated

A

hypocenter

32
Q

the location of the hypocenter is defined by the _____, _____, and _____

A

latitude, longitude, and depth below the surface

33
Q

the point on the surface of the earth directly over the hypocenter

A

epicenter

34
Q

five (5) vertical structural irregularities

A
  • stiffness irregularity (soft storey)
  • weight (mass) irregularity
  • vertical geometric irregularity
  • in-plane discontinuity in vertical lateral force-resisting element irregularity
  • discontinuity in capacity irregularity (weak storey)
35
Q

vertical structural irregularity:

refers to the condition wherein the lateral stiffness is less than 70% of that in the storey above or less than 80% of the average stiffness of the three stories above

A

stiffness irregularity (soft storey)

36
Q

vertical structural irregularity:

refers to the condition wherein the effective mass of any storey is more than 150% of the effective mass of an adjacent storey; a roof which is lighter than floor below need not be considered

A

weight (mass) irregularity

37
Q

vertical structural irregularity:

refers to the condition wherein the horizontal dimension of the lateral force-resisting system in any storey is more than 130% of that in an adjacent storey; one storey penthouse need not to be considered

A

vertical geometric irregularity

38
Q

vertical structural irregularity:

refers to the condition wherein an in-plane offset of the lateral load-resisting elements greater than the length of those elements

A

in-plane discontinuity in vertical lateral force-resisting element irregularity

39
Q

vertical structural irregularity:

refers to the condition wherein the storey strength is less than 80% of that in the storey above; the storey strength is the total strength of all seismic-resisting elements shearing the storey shear for the direction under consideration

A

discontinuity in capacity irregularity (weak storey)

40
Q

five (5) horizontal structural irregularities

A
  • torsional irregularity
  • re-entrant corner irregularity
  • diaphragm discontinuity irregularity
  • out-of-plane offsets irregularity
  • non-parallel systems irregularity
41
Q

horizontal structural irregularity:

this irregularity is being considered when diaphragms are not flexible

A

torsional irregularity

42
Q

horizontal structural irregularity:

this irregularity exists when the maximum story drift, computed including accidental torsion, at one end of the structure transverse to an axis is more than 1.2 times the average of the story drifts of the two ends of the structure

A

torsional irregularity

43
Q

horizontal structural irregularity:

refers to the condition wherein parts of a structure project beyond a reentrant corner a distance greater than 15% of the plan dimensions in the given direction

A

re-entrant corner irregularity

44
Q

horizontal structural irregularity:

refers to the condition wherein diaphragms with abrupt discontinuities or variations in stiffness, including those having cutout or open areas greater than 50% of the gross enclosed area of the diaphragm, or changes in effective diaphragm stiffness of more than 50% from one-story to the next

A

diaphragm discontinuity irregularity

45
Q

horizontal structural irregularity:

refers to the condition wherein there are discontinuities in a lateral force path, such as out-of-plane offsets of the vertical elements

A

out-of-plane offsets irregularity

46
Q

horizontal structural irregularity:

refers to the condition wherein the vertical lateral-load-resisting elements are not parallel to or symmetric about the major orthogonal axes of the lateral force-resisting systems

A

non-parallel systems irregularity

PSAD [CELE APRIL 2025] (3 decks)

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