streams/fluviallandforms/flooding

Question 1

movement of water in channels, most important cause of erosion, transport agent for sediment

Answer 1

streams

Question 2

are defined by water flowing all year. These streams are common where there is abundant rainfall, groundwater discharge, and low rates of evaporation.

Answer 2

Permanent Streams

Question 3

do not flow all year. They are common in places with low annual rainfall, a low water table, and high rates of
evaporation.

Answer 3

Ephemeral Streams

Question 4

the amount of water flowing in a channel; measures the volume of water passing a point per unit of time

Answer 4

Discharge

Question 5

changes with discharge. During high discharge, cobbles and boulders that are stranded at low discharge may be mobile.

Answer 5

Sediment Transport

Question 6

is the maximum grain size transported. Capacity is the maximum load (coarse, fine, and dissolved material)
transported by streamflow. Decreases with velocity.

Answer 6

Competence

Question 7

single main channel, sinuous(wiggly), Low competence, steady discharge

Answer 7

Meandering

Question 8

multiple channels, straight, High competence, flashy discharge

Answer 8

Braided

Question 9

no grav. energy, sediment dump

Answer 9

Alluvial Fan

Question 10

underwater

Answer 10

Deltas

Question 11

water volume exceeds channel volume, water escapes stream channel

Answer 11

Flood

Question 12

where the water goes

Answer 12

Floodplain

Question 13

water flow(discharge), stream change(water level), flood probability(years)

Answer 13

How do we measure floods?

Question 14

Flood; who will pay?

Answer 14

A) Everyone shares the
cost, public through
tax dollars
B) The people who got
flooded
C) Property owners on the
opposite side of the
stream
D) Regulate building so
nobody has to pay

Question 15

poorly drained, low topographic relief areas, cover 6% of Earth’s land surface

Answer 15

Wetlands

Question 16

1. Poorly-Drained Soil = Low Oxygen
Concentration
2. Low Oxygen increases preservation
(Decreases decay of dead plants)
3. Accumulation of Peat
4. Compacted Peat decreases drainage
(peat has low infiltration capacity)
Peat = Up to 75% water

Answer 16

Water Budget in Wetlands