Deformation/Structure Flashcards
A “cut” through earth
Cross-section view
The branch of geology devoted to crustal deformation and the creation of non-volatile mountains (created through folded or faulted rock layers)
Structural geology
Force acting on the rock. Compression, tension, and shear.
Stress
The resulting changes in shape and volume from stress. Elastic, brittle, and plastic.
Strain
Where rocks are pushed together. Occurs at convergent boundaries
Compression stress
Where rocks are pulled apart, away from each other. Occurs at divergent boundaries
Tension stress
Rocks shift past one another in a horizontal motion. occurs at transform boundaries.
Shear stress
Temporary strain, goes back to original form once stress is released
Elastic strain
Permanent strain, cracks/fractures (faults)
Brittle Strain
Permanent strain, flows and bends (folds)
Plastic strain
Brittle strain results in cracks or fractures in rocks and movement. Normal, reverse, and strike slip
Faults
Both are cracks/fractures. But faults have movements, joints do not.
Difference between faults and joints
The surface along which movement has occured.
Fault PLane
Side to side (horizontal) motion. result of sheer stress. Either left-lateral or right-lateral. To determine direction, you must “place yourself” in the image. Can be large/small.
Strike-slip fault
