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MT > STRASINGER (7TH ED. | CHAPTER 7: MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF URINE) > Flashcards

STRASINGER (7TH ED. | CHAPTER 7: MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF URINE) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the third part of routine urinalysis?

A

Microscopic examination of urinary sediment

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2
Q

What is the purpose of microscopic examination of urine?

A

To detect and identify insoluble materials in the urine

To identify and quantitate the elements present

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3
Q

What are the (4) components that contribute formed elements in the urine?

A
  1. Blood
  2. Kidney
  3. Lower genitourinary tract (GUT)
  4. External contamination
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4
Q
A
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5
Q

What are the (11) formed elements in the urine?

A
  1. RBCs
  2. WBCs
  3. Epithelial cells
  4. Casts
  5. Bacteria
  6. Yeast
  7. Parasites
  8. Mucus
  9. Spermatozoa
  10. Crystals
  11. Artifacts
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6
Q

Are all elements in the urinary sediment clinically significant? Why or why not?

A

No, some of the components are not clinically significant, hence, they are considered normal not unless they are present in increased amounts, hence, identification and quantitation of urinary sediment must be done

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7
Q

Microscopic analysis is subject to what (4) procedural variations?

A
  1. The methods by which the sediment is prepared
  2. The volume of sediment actually examined
  3. The methods and equipment used to obtain visualization
  4. The manner in which results are reported
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8
Q

What is the significance of the given screening test?

Screening test = Color

A

Blood

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9
Q

What is the significance of the given screening test?

Screening test = Blood

A

RBCs, RBC casts

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9
Q

What is the significance of the given screening test?

Screening test = Clarity

A

Hematuria vs hemoglobinuria/myoglobinuria

Confirm pathological or nonpathological; cause of turbidity

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10
Q

What is the significance of the given screening test?

Screening test = Protein

A

Casts, cells

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11
Q

What is the significance of the given screening test?

Screening test = Nitrite

A

Bacteria, WBCs

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12
Q

What is the significance of the given screening test?

Screening test = Leukocyute esterase

A

WBCs, WBC casts, bacteria

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13
Q

What is the significance of the given screening test?

Screening test = Glucose

A

Yeast

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14
Q

What is the meaning of CLSI?

A

The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute

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15
Q

What are the (2) characteristics of urine specimens for microscopic examination?

A
  1. Fresh
  2. Adequately preserved
16
Q

What are the (3) formed elements that disintegrate rapidly in dilute alkaline urine?

A
  1. RBCs
  2. WBCs
  3. Hyaline casts
17
Q

What are the (3) formed elements that precipitate due to refrigeration?

A
  1. Amorphous urates
  2. Amorphous phosphates
  3. Nonpathological crystals
18
Q

How to dissolve some of the crystals for them to not obscure other elements present in the urine?

A

Warm the urine specimen to 37DC before centrifuging

19
Q

What is the method of collection to minimize external contamination of the sediment?

A

Clean-catch midstream

19
Q

In terms of physical and chemical examination of urine, what type of specimen may cause false-negative readings?

A

Dilute random specimens

20
Q

What should be done prior to decanting a portion of urine specimen to the centrifuge tube?

A

The specimen should be thoroughly mixed

21
Q

What is the standard volume of urine for examination?

A

10 - 15 mL

22
Q

What is the tube used for centrifuging urine?

A

Conical tube

23
Q

What is the volume of urine that is frequently used for urinalysis? Why?

A

12 mL, because multiparameter reagent strips are easily immersed and capped centrifuge tubes are often calibrated to this volume

24
Q

What should be done if collecting 12 mL urine specimen for urinalysis is not possible, like in the case of pediatric patients?

A

It should be noted on the report form

25
Q

What should be the speed of centrifugation of urine for urinalysis?

A

400 RCF

26
Q
A

MT (7 decks)

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