Strains Flashcards
What is a muscle strain?
When excessive tensile and shear forces within the muscle cause muscle fibres and their surrounding connective tissue to fail
What are the two types of hamstring injuries?
Type 1: high speed running mechanism (shorter recovery than type 3 usually)
Type 2: stretch-related injury mechanism
What are risk factors of muscle strains?
Previous injury, large decceleration/eccentric forces, fibre type proportions, strength imbalances, age
What is the BAMIC grading system?
Modern grading of straings, accounts for level of injury as well as location and size. (myofascial, musculotendinosus, infratendinosus)
How are muscle strains managed?
minimisation of pain and oedema, restoration of neuromuscular control at slow speeds, prevention of excessive scar formation, protecting fibres from excessive lengthening.
1. Ice and compression
2. mobilisation and motion (within pain limits)
3. gentle message
What is a muscle contusion?
Bleeding and subsequent haematoma formation within a muscle and surrounding connective tissue.
What is myositis ossificans?
Refers to the formation of bone within a muscle. Following a haematoma during a muscle contusion, osteoblasts start laying down bone invading the haematoma.
What causes ‘exercise associated muscle cramps’?
EAMC increases excitatory and inhibits inhibitory afferent inputs to motor neurons during fatigue, this results in a sustained motor neuron activity and the production of a cramp-inducing discharge.
