Fractures

Question 1

what is the difference between open and wound fractures?

Answer 1

Open: penetration from within by fractured bone
Closed: skin intact over fracture

Question 2

what is periosteal contusion?

Answer 2

direct blow to periosteum which damages blood vessels, causing haematoma development

Question 3

what fractures are seen in young athletes

Answer 3

greenstick fracture: bending of one side of bone, cortex of other side cracks open
growth plate fracture: unfused secondary ossification centres, tensile pull from tendon or ligament can cause these to pull away from rest of bone (avulsion fracture)

Question 4

What is an avulsion fracture and what is a common site?

Answer 4

Bone fragment torn off at tendon or ligament attachment sides (i.e., 5th metatarsal associated with peroneus brevis)

Question 5

what is an example of periosteal contusion?

Answer 5

‘hip pointer’ - inflamed, irritated, palpation or muscle contraction pain. May be accompanied by surrounding soft-tissue injury (i.e., TFL, cluneal nerves)

Question 6

What is interosseous bruising?

Answer 6

A type of bone bruising, bleeding inside the bone marrow

Question 7

What is subchondral bruising?

Answer 7

A type of bone bruising where the bone beneath cartilage causes cartilage to separate from bone