Strain Theory

Question 1

The coeccentric zone model

Answer 1

1. Central Business District.
2. Transitional Zone.
   - Deteriorated housing.
   - Factories.
   - Abandoned buildings.
3. Working Class Zone
   - Single Family
4. Residential Zone
   - Single Family Homes
   - Yards. Garages.
5. Commuter Zones
   - Suburbs.

Question 2

Social Disorganisation

Answer 2

1. Socioeconomic disadvantage.
2. Population heterogeneity.
3. Population instability.

Question 3

Cohens Subcultural Theory

Answer 3

Attempted to answer questions not addressed by Merton’s strains.

Question 4

Basic Concepts

Answer 4

Crime is socially induced. The activities and values of the offender are determined by wider societal forces and factors.

Question 5

Rise of sociology as academic discipline.

Answer 5

Criminal behaviour as a manifestation of a social pathology. Development of professions and the idea of expert solutions to social problems.

Question 6

Historical Development

Answer 6

Collective conscious is a set of beliefs an sentiments common to a whole society. Defining a behaviour as criminal builds a cohesiveness in society.

Question 7

Conformity

Answer 7

Accepts culturally defined goals and institutionalised means of attaining them.

Question 8

Innovation

Answer 8

Accepts goals, but lacks the institutionalised means.

Question 9

Ritualism

Answer 9

Accepts culturally defined goals, knows they cannot attain them, but still continues pursuing.

Question 10

Rebellion

Answer 10

Substitutes own cultural goals and institutionalised means in place of them conventional goals.

Question 11

Retreatism

Answer 11

Rejects the culturally defined goals and the institutionalised means of attaining them.