Social process theories

Question 1

Different kinds of control - personal

Answer 1

Individual conscience commitment to law and a positive self - concept.

Question 2

Different kinds of control - social

Answer 2

Attachment to and involvement in conventional social institution such as the family, school, church and religion.

Question 3

Techniques of Neutralisation

Answer 3

1. Denial of responsibility
2. Denial of injury
3. Denial of the victim
4. Condemnation of the condemners
5. Appeal to higher loyalties

Question 4

Matza: Delinquency and Drift

Answer 4

The law that binds juveniles by a sense of moral obligation will be in place most of the time, but when it is not in place, delinquents will drift un and out of delinquency.

Question 5

Example: Moffit’s Taxonomy

Answer 5

1. A small group of life course persistent offenders. They exhibit early, chronic, persistent and serious forms of social criminal behaviour.

Question 6

Example: Moffit’s Taxonomy

Answer 6

A large group of adolescence - limited offenders who commit mostly minor offences and desist as they move into adulthood.

Question 7

Industrialisation

Answer 7

Adolescence if prolonged, economic marginalisation, consumption is encouraged, parents have less time with their children.

Question 8

Associated with three circumstances - 1

Answer 8

Cultures and historical periods in which youth have greater access to legitimate opportunities.

Question 9

Associated with three circumstances - 2

Answer 9

Population groups for whom legitimate opportunities and integration into adult society do not markedly increase with age…

Question 10

Associated with three circumstances - 3

Answer 10

Types of crimes for which illegitimate opportunities increase rather than diminish with age.