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Mouse > Strain Development > Flashcards

Strain Development Flashcards

1
Q

What was the first inbred strain?

A

DBA

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2
Q

How is an inbred strain made? How many generations to be inbred vs. fully inbred vs. most strains today?

A

Brother x sister matings. Inbred = 20 generations, fully inbred = 60 generations, most = >200 generations.

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3
Q

What terms (2) refer to genetically identical strains?

A

Syngenic or isogenic

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4
Q

What causes a strain to be designated a substrain?(3)

A
  1. Separated before F40
  2. Inbred branches separated for 100 generations
  3. Genetic differences
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5
Q

What does a cross of two inbred strains create? Describe their genetic identity and level of homozygosity.

A

F1 generation, genetically identical and maximally heterozygous

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6
Q

What does a cross of F1 siblings result in? Describe their genetic diversity.

A

F2, maximally genetically diverse

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7
Q

How are RI strains developed?

A

Two inbred strains are crossed to create F1, with at least 20 generations of F1 brother-sister matings to create F2.

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8
Q

When are RI strains inbred?

A

After 20 additional brother-sister matings of F2. Creates a ‘set of RI strains.’

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9
Q

How does each line in a set of RI strains differ from each other?

A

Phenotypic or quantitative traits that differed between progenitor strains

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10
Q

What is the Collaborative Cross (CC) set of strains?

A

Derived from 8 inbred strains, captures 90% of known genetic variability

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11
Q

What is a recombinant congenic strain and how is it developed?

A

Similar to a RI strain but with backcrossing to one parental strain (background strain) after F1 but before inbreeding. Other parental strain is the donor strain.

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12
Q

What determines the proportion of the genome in a recombinant congenic strain?

A

Number of backcrosses

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13
Q

How is a advanced intercross line (AIL) developed? Why is this type of mating selected?

A

As for a RI line, but with nonsibling matings from the F2 generation. increases the possibility of recombination between tightly linked genes.

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14
Q

What is a co-isogenic line?

A

Identical except for a single mutant allele.

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15
Q

How and why are congenic lines developed?

A

If a co-isogenic mutation is desired in a different strain, co-isogenic mice are backcrossed to create a F1 hybrid with the desired allele on the desired background. After 10 generations the mice are congenic.

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16
Q

How are co-isogenic and congenic mice different?

A

Congenic mice have desired allele surrounded by flanking DNA from original strain.

17
Q

How are outbred stocks developed?

A

Heterogenous with minimized inbreeding. Closed population for at least 4 generations.

18
Q

Outbred stocks are primarily from what origin? What does this predispose these animals to?

A

Swiss origin from 9 mice, leading to a high degree of homozygosity. Predisposed to blindness due to rd1 allele.

19
Q

Describe consomic

A

Strains with chromosome substitution, congenic for entire chromosomes

20
Q

Describe conplastic

A

Congenic for different mitochondrial genomes

21
Q

Define random bred stock

A

Random matings within a large, heterogenous population. Continued via random mating with selection of pairs with random numbers.

22
Q

How are F1 hybrids created and maintained?

A

Developed from crosses between inbred strains. Cannot be perpetuated.

23
Q

How are inbred strains perpetuated?

A

Continue brother-sister matings.

24
Q

Describe segregating inbred strains. (4)

A

Brother-sister matings for more than 20 generations. Heterozygosity for mutations forced by:
1. Backcrossing
2. Intercrossing
3. Crossing and intercrossing
4. Backcrossing and intercrossing

25
Q

How to perpetuate mutation in coisogenic inbred strains? (4)

A
  1. Brother-sister matings within strain of origin
  2. Backcross or cross-intercross system with strain of origin as parent strain
  3. Brother-sister mating with heterozygosity forced by back- or intercrosses
  4. Brother-sister mating between homozygotes
26
Q

How to develop a congenic inbred strain (2)

A
  1. Repeated backcross of mutation-bearing mice for 10 or more generations
  2. Cross-intercross system for the equivalent of 20 or more cycles with an inbred parent strain
27
Q

What is an incross?

A

Mating of like homozygotes

28
Q

What is a cross?

A

Mating of unlike homozyogtes

29
Q

What is a backcross?

A

Mating of a heterozygote and homozygote

30
Q

What is an intercross?

A

Mating of heterozygotes

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