stores Flashcards
interception
when precipitation is caught and stored by vegetation before it can reach the ground/water surface
surface water
when the infiltration capacity is exceeded water builds upon the surface
temporary stores
puddles and turloughs
permanent stores
lakes and wetlands
ground water
water that has percolated into bedrock, is a store of fresh water. boreholes and wells can be dug below water table to access
groundwater recharge
is the refilling of rock pools as water moves downwards, occurs when the rate of recharge is greater than the rate of abstraction.
recharge rate
rate of groundwater replenishment
abstraction rate
the process of removing water from natural sources such as rivers, ground, streams, etc. generally pumped
channel storage
all water stored in rivers, streams, and drainage channels
soil moisture
the amount of water in soil which is held in the subsurface of soil pores.
Sandy soils have many large pores so it is permeable and has quick infiltration rates.
clays are hygroscopic, clay minerals swell when in contact with water making it impermeable and unstable.
SM
soil moisture
SM deficit.
when available water is being used up
SM recharge
when precipitation refills some dry soil pores. when precipitation is greater than potential evaporation.
SM surplus
when soil is saturated, water can not enter so it flows over the surface.
SM utilisation
the process where precipitation is being used primarily through evapotranspiration.
saturation
all pore spaces are filled with water
field capacity
the amount of water held after soil has been saturated and the excess has drained away
wilting point
soil moisture content where permanent plant wilting occurs {no water available}
balance
Balance = Precipitation – (run off + evapotranspiration
+ change in soil moisture).
