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Plant Biology, Zoology and Lab Animals > Storage of Nutrients in Plant Cells > Flashcards

Storage of Nutrients in Plant Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What are primary active compounds?

A
  • compounds possessed by every plant
  • Vitamins, Enzymes, Phytohormones
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2
Q

What are secondary metabolic compounds?

A
  • compounds not possessed by every plant
  • glucosides, alkanoids, saponins, tannins
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3
Q

Where are fats, carbohydrates and proteins stored?

A

in storage nutrients (leukoplasts and cytoplasm)

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4
Q

What are the storage nutrients?

A

fats, carbohydrates and proteins

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5
Q

Where are fats stored/accumulated in the seed tissue?

A
  • endosperm
  • embryo (cotyledon)
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6
Q

What is the major site of lipid accumulation in oilseeds?

A

the cotyledon of the embryo

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7
Q

What is another place, apart from the cotyledon, where lipid accumulation can occur?

A

in the endosperm

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8
Q

What are the two main groups of vegetal oils?

A
  • pulp oil (palm, olive, avocado)
  • seed oil (other sources)
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9
Q

Does the amount of lipid in plants vary?

A

yes, the amount of lipid in plants varies between plants.
low- 0.1% (potatoes)
high- 70% (pecan nuts)

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10
Q

How are carbohydrates stored in plants?

A

leukoplasts

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11
Q

What is the main carbohydrate produced in plants?

A

starch

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12
Q

State examples of starchy foods.

A

bread, cereal, pasta, rice, potatoes, beans, chestnuts.

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13
Q

Define starch in relation to plants.

A

Starch is the main form in which plants store carbon.

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14
Q

How does starch exist? What is it composed of?

A
  • semicrystalline granules
  • branched and linear polymers of glucose
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15
Q

Does starch vary in size? Why does this matter?

A

Starch granules vary in size and shape between plant organs and species. the distinctive morphology and anatomy enable the identification of plants as remains of food in forensic, food and archeological samples. .

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16
Q

What is the main carbohydrate of nutritional importance in the human diet?

A

starch

17
Q

What are the uses of starch?

A
  • thickening of processed foods
  • manufacturing of paper
  • biodegradable plastics
  • adhesives
18
Q

What are the two types of semi-crystalline granules which starch exists as?

A
  • amylose
  • amylopectin
19
Q

What are starch granules characterised by?

A

internal growth rings

20
Q

Where is starch produced? How is it produced?

A
  • produced in chloroplasts
  • by the polymerization of glucose residues (products of photosynthesis)
21
Q

What is secondary (reserved) starch? Where is it stored?

A
  • secondary (reserved) starch is starch which exists in the root. (it has been moved from the leaves and stems to the roots).
  • it is stored within LEUKOPLASTS.
22
Q

Where is secondary (reserved) starch stored?

A

in leukoplasts

23
Q

How can one classify starch grains?

A

depending on the grain formation center: SIMPLE / COMPOUND

depending on the central or peripheral placing of the formation center: CONCENTRIC / ECCENTRIC

24
Q

What is teh center dot called in starch molecules?

A

grain formation center

25
Q

What are compound starch grains?

A

Grains built from a large number of smaller grains

26
Q

What are the four types of proteins in plant cells?

A
  1. Albumins
  2. Globulins
  3. Prolamins
  4. Glutelins
27
Q

What are albumins? Where are they found? Are they soluble?

A
  • soluble in water
  • found in seeds
28
Q

What are globulins? Where are they found? Are they soluble?

A
  • insoluble in water
  • found in the seeds of leguminous plants
29
Q

What are prolamins and glutelins? Where are they found?

A
  • found in seeds of crop (grains)
  • form GLUTEN
30
Q

What is the crosssection of a wheat grain?

A
  1. pericarp and seed coat (testa)
  2. aleurone layer (1 cell thick)
  3. endosperm
  4. embryo
31
Q

What is Aleurone?

A
  • a protein found in protein granules of maturing seeds and tubers.
  • outermost layer of the endosperm
  • referred to as “peripheral endosperm”
  • its main function is to nourish the embryo enclosed in the seed
32
Q

Crossection of a wheat grain.

A

pericarp
seed-coat
aleurone layer
endosperm cells

33
Q

State an example of a seed coat and pericarp.

A

sunflower seeds:
seed coat (white part, you can eat)
pericarp (black part, shell which you peel)

34
Q

What type of fatty acids to plants contain?

A

unsaturated fatty acids.

Plant Biology, Zoology and Lab Animals (5 decks)

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