Microscoping Techniques Flashcards
What deos the performance of a light microscope depend on? What is another name for it?
The performance of a light microscope, also known as an optical microscope, depends on the quality and correct use of the CONDENSOR LEST SYSTEM.
How does a transition electron microscope function?
In what way is it better from a light microscope
It uses a beam of electrons, rather than light, to generate an image.
- it has HIGHER RESOLUTION that the light microscope
What is the principle of the scanning probe microscopy?
A small probe is scanned over and interacts with a specimen.
What are the thee most common types of scanning probe microscopes?
AFM: atomic force microscopes
MSOM/SNOM: near-field scanning optical microscopes
STM: scanning tunneling microscopes
What can be scanned using a scanning electron microscope?
pollen
What is a fluorescent microscope?
technique based on fluorescent staining of cellular structures or staining of antigen/antibody complex.
What are super-resolution microscopes?
- use fluorescent labelled samples
- with structured illumination
- IMPROVES RESOLUTION by 2/4 times
What are the three main parts of a plant cell?
- CELL WALL
- PROTOPLAST (cytoplasm, plasmalemma, tonoplast, cytosol, organelles, nucleus)
- VACUOLE
What are the cell wall pores called in plants?
plasmodesmata
What does the plasmodesmata consist of?
- middle lamella
- primary wall
- secondary wall
- pore membrane
What are plasmodesmata?
microscopic channels which transverse the cell walls of plant cells. enabling TRANSPORT and COMMUNICATION between them.
What are the functions of the cell wall?
- maintain the cell shape
- protect the cell from rupturing (by vacuum pumping water)
- give strength to cells, tissues and plants themselves,
- important in absorption, transport and excretion of substances
- protects the protoplast from damage and infection
Label a microscope diagram.
.
What is a vacuole? What is its purpose? What are they surrounded by?
- can make up up to 90% of the plant cell
- surrounded by the TONOPLAST
- have an aqueous liquid inside them: CELL JUICE
What is cell juice? What does it contain?
Cell juice is the aqueous liquid inside the vacuole.
It contains:
- dissolved chemicals
- compounds
- water-soluble red and blue pigments
What are the different forms of plastids?
1) CHROMOSPLASTS
2) LEUKOPLASTS
3) CHLOROPLASTS
What is the structure of a chloroplast?
- double membrane
- stroma
- thylakoids
- granum
- stromal thyllakoild (lamellae)
- DNA
- chlorophyll
- carotenoids (carotees and xantophylls)
- enzymes
- lecithin
What are the different functions of chloroplasts?
- photosynthesis
- synthesis of DNA, RNA, aminoacids and proteins
- synthesis of fatty acids, lipids, vitamins, secondary metabolites, metabolism
- main nutrient value
What is important about plasmids?
they can convert into each other.
What are chromoplasts?
- responsible for the distinctive colours
(mainly because of the accumulation of carotenoid pigments). - different in shape (depending on the crystalization of pigments)
What happens during ripening (eg. in an apple)?
chloroplasts are converted into chromoplasts.
What are the functions of chromoplasts?
- attract insects (pollinators)
- attract birds and mammals (seed dispersal)
- important in diet
- medical importance
- make plants decorative
What are leukoplasts? What is a different name of them? What is their function?
also called “GERONTOPLASTS”
- colourless plastids,
FUNCTION:
- storage and accumulation of nutrients
- plants look more decorative
What does the conversion of plastids depend on?
the growing conditions (eg. seasons= water availability, sun availability, temperature, etc.)
