Storage Flashcards

1
Q

Minimum and max. file size in S3?

A

0 Byte and 5 terabytes

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2
Q

Largest file size for upload with single PUT in S3?

A

5 gigabytes

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3
Q

Available storage classes in S3?

A

S3 Standard, S3 Intelligent-Tiering, S3 Standard-IA, and S3 One Zone-IA

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4
Q

Amazon S3 holds this many objects

A

Over 100 trillion

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5
Q

What are the available deployment types with FSx for Lustre?

A

Persistent and Scratch

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6
Q

What’s the throughput & latency performance for FSx for Lustre?

A

100’s GB/s throughput and sub milliseconds latency

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7
Q

What’s the Scratch deployment type used for with FSx for Lustre?

A

Short term, no replication, fast

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8
Q

What’s the Persistent deployment type used for with FSx for Lustre?

A

Long term, HA (in one AZ), self-healing

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9
Q

How many 9s of durability does S3 provide (all storage classes)?

A

11 (99,999999999%) -> for 10,000,000 objects, means you’d lose one object every 10,000 years

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10
Q

What’s the minimum storage duration charged for S3 Standard-IA and S3 One Zone-IA?

A

30 days (objects can be stored for less, but minimum billing always applies)

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11
Q

What’s the minimum capacity charged per object for S3 Standard-IA and S3 One Zone-IA?

A

128 KB

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12
Q

What’s the minimum storage duration charged for S3 Glacier?

A

90 days (objects can be stored for less, but minimum billing always applies)

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13
Q

What’s the minimum storage duration charged for S3 Glacier Deep Archive?

A

180 days (objects can be stored for less, but minimum billing always applies)

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14
Q

What’s the minimum capacity charged per object for S3 Glacier and S3 Glacier Deep Archive?

A

40 KB

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15
Q

What’s the minimum number of days before you can move an object from S3 Standard to S3 Standard-IA or S3 One Zone-IA?

A

30 days

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16
Q

What are the two available “S3 Object Lock - Retention” modes and how do they differ?

A

COMPLIANCE and GOVERNANCE.

With COMPLIANCE mode, no one, not even the root user, can change/delete/overwrite an object within the retention period.

With GOVERNANCE, identities with a s3:BypassGovernanceRetention can change/delete/overwrite an object within the retention period.

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17
Q

How do “S3 Object Lock - Retention” and “S3 Object Lock - Legal Hold” differ conceptually?

A

“Retention” uses a time-based object control, “Legal Hold” is a binary-based (Hold is either on/off)

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18
Q

What are the min and max volume sizes for General Purpose (GP) SSDs?

A

1 GiB - 16 TiB

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19
Q

What’s the Max IOPS per volume for General Purpose (GP) SSDs?

A

16,000

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20
Q

What’s the Max throughput per volume for GP2 SSDs?

A

250 MiB/s (for vol. larger than 334 GiB)

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21
Q

What’s the Max throughput per volume for GP3 SSDs?

A

1,000 MiB/s

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22
Q

What are the min and max volume sizes for Provisioned IOPS SSDs, type io1 and io2?

A

4 GiB - 16 TiB

23
Q

What’s the Max IOPS per volume for Provisioned IOPS SSDs, type io1 and io2?

A

64,000

24
Q

What’s the Max throughput per volume for Provisioned IOPS SSDs, type io1 and io2?

A

1,000 MiB/s

25
Q

What are the min and max volume sizes for Hard disk drives (HDD)?

A

125 GiB - 16 TiB

26
Q

What’s the Max IOPS per volume for Provisioned IOPS SSDs, type io2 Block Express?

A

256,000

27
Q

What volume type do you need to choose when requiring IOPS higher than 260,000?

A

Instance Store (as even with io2 Block Express or Raid0 you can not achieve more than 260,000 with EBS).

28
Q

Which data formats does Amazon Athena support?

A

JSON, Apache Parquet, Apache ORC

29
Q

What service would you use to query things like AWS Glue Data Catalog, Web Server Logs, or any AWS Logs like VPC Flow Logs, etc. in general?

A

Amazon Athena

30
Q

What are Athena Federated Queries used for?

A

They’re an extension to Athena’s native capability of querying data from S3. Athena Federated Queries allow queries from other data sources by leveraging AWS Lambda.

31
Q

In what sizes is AWS Snowball available?

A

50 TB and 80 TB

32
Q

What’s the size range where AWS Snowball is typical the most cost-effective solution?

A

10 TB - 10 PB

33
Q

What are advantages of Snowball Edge vs Snowball?

A
  • not only storage, but also compute (incl. GPU option)
  • higher storage size (up to 100 TB)
  • faster network connection
34
Q

From which size on becomes AWS Snowmobile typically a cost-effective solution, given that the data resides in a single location?

A

> 10 PB

35
Q

What is the max size of AWS Snowmobile?

A

100 PB

36
Q

What’s the bandwidth per agent with AWS DataSync?

A

10 Gbps per agent

37
Q

Which protocols does the AWS DataSync agent use to communicate with the SAN/NAS storage?

A

NFS or SMB

38
Q

What are natively supported targets for AWS DataSync?

A

S3, EFS, FSx

39
Q

What protocols are supported by Volume Gateway, i.e. as which storage interface does it present itself?

A

iSCSI

40
Q

What are the two available modes for Volume Gateway

A

Stored Volume & Cached Volume

41
Q

What’s the purpose of the Virtual Tape Library (VTL) in the context of Tape Gateway?

A

Virtual representation of a tape library (backed by S3), exposed via a iSCSI interface to on-premise clients. Available through setting up a Tape Gateway (type of Storage Gateway).

42
Q

What protocols are supported by File Gateway, i.e. as which storage interface does it present itself?

A

NFS, SMB

43
Q

Is data visible and accessible via S3 when using AWS Storage Gateway?

A

Only with File Gateway. With Volume Gateway or Tape Gateway, data is stored on S3, but managed by AWS and therefore not directly visible in the console (and even if, it wouldn’t be easily readable as it represents block/tape volumes).

44
Q

What protocols are supported by Tape Gateway, i.e. as which storage interface does it present itself?

A

iSCSI

45
Q

What’s the difference between EBS and EFS regarding cross-AZ replication?

A

EBS does not replicate across AZs, while EFS does (unless you’ve chosen an One-Zone storage class).

46
Q

What’s the availability of S3 Standard?

A

99.99% => ~ 1 hour of outage / year

47
Q

What’s the availability of S3 Infrequent Access?

A

99.9% => ~ 10 hours of outage / year

48
Q

What’s the availability of S3 One-Zone Infrequent Access?

A

99.5% => ~ 2 days of outage / year

49
Q

What’s AWS Snowcone and what features does it provide?

A

Smallest member of the Snow Family. Rugged device with 8 TB of storage, 2 CPUs and 4 GB memory.

50
Q

When separation of permissions is required for server-side encryption with S3, which of the S3 SSE options is the right choice?

A

SSE-KMS

51
Q

When enabling versioning on an S3 bucket, what version do existing objects receive?

A

Objects that are stored in your bucket before you set the versioning state have a version ID of “null”

52
Q

What are the two performance modes that EFS offers?

A
  • General purpose

- Max I/O (not with One Zone storage class)

53
Q

What are the two throughput modes that EFS offers?

A
  • Bursting Throughput

- Provisioned Throughput