Stool & Urine Flashcards
Diagnosis in Lab Exam of Wet stool samples & urine samples ie. Helminth ova or larvae, gut protozoa cysts or intestinal coccidia oocysts.
On focusing 8 nuclei are counted
20µm diameter
Entamoeba coli Cyst
8 ring & dot nuclei in round cyst
between 15-30µm
Iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
Trichuris trichuria Ova
Oval or Tea-Tray shaped Nematode ova with ‘handles’
between 50-55µm
Non-iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
125µm
Schistosoma mansoni Ova
Large trematode/blood fluke eggs with prominent lateral spine
between 120-150µm
Non-iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
127 & 125µm
Fasciola hepatica / Fasciolopsis buski Ova
Large coloured trematode/fluke eggs with operculum
These 2 species are morphologically identical
* Fasciola hepatica - liver fluke
* Fasciolopsis buski - intestinal fluke
between 120-150µm
Non-iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
129µm
Fasciola hepatica / Fasciolopsis buski Ova
Large coloured trematode/fluke eggs with operculum
These 2 species are morphologically identical
* Fasciola hepatica - liver fluke
* Fasciolopsis buski - intestinal fluke
between 120-150µm
Non-iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
92µm
Paragonimus westermanni Ova
Medium sized, coloured trematode/lung fluke egg with operculum
between 80-100µm
Non-iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
31µm
Clonorchis sinensis Ova
Very small coloured trematode/liver fluke egg with domed operculum
Can have prominent shoulders & knob at opposite end
Morphologically very similar to Heterophyes heterophyes & Metogonimus yokogawi
between 25-35µm
Non-iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
63µm
Diphyllobothrium latum Ova
Opaque cestode/tape worm egg with in-conspicous operculum
between 55-75µm
Non-iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
68µm
Diphyllobothrium latum Ova
Opaque cestode/tape worm egg with in-conspicous operculum
between 55-75µm
Non-iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
97µm
Schistosoma japonicum Ova
Large trematode/blood fluke eggs with small hooked lateral spine
between 70-100µm
Non-iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
125µm
Schistosoma haemotobium Ova
Large trematode/blood fluke eggs with terminal spine, that is always visible, no matter what the orientation
between 120-150µm
Non-iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
125µm
Schistosoma mansoni Ova
Large trematode/blood fluke eggs with prominent lateral spine
between 120-150µm
Egg is 3-dimensional .’. need to focus to see it in it’s entirety
Non-iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
47µm
Taenia sp. Ova
Small cestode/tapeworm egg with striated outer wall that resembles a tyre
between 30-50µm
Ingestion of T.solium ova (Pork Tapeworm) results in development of cysticerci (larvae) in the muscles (cysticercosis) or the brain (Neurocysticercosis).
Non-iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
47µm
Taenia sp. Ova
Small cestode/tapeworm egg with striated outer wall that resembles a tyre
between 30-50µm
Ingestion of T.solium ova (Pork Tapeworm) results in development of cysticerci (larvae) in the muscles (cysticercosis) or the brain (Neurocysticercosis).
Non-iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
Ascaris lumbricoides Ova
Thick double wall and knobbly shell.
This is a fertile Ascaris nematode egg, between 45-75µm
(Infertile would be larger 85-95µm)
Non-iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
Strongyloides stercoralis
Rhabidiform Larvae (L1)
Small nematode with plain body and short buccal cavity
Intestinal nematode/Geohelminth larve
View on x40
Strongyloides stercoralis
Filariform Larvae (L3)
Larger with plain body, no sheath and a notched tail
Intestinal nematode/Geohelminth larve
View on x40
Strongyloides stercoralis
Filariform Larvae (L3)
Larger with plain body, no sheath and a notched tail
Intestinal nematode/Geohelminth larve
View on x40
Hookworm
Rhabidiform Larvae (L1)
Small nematode with plain body with deep buccal cavity
Intestinal nematode/Geohelminth larve
View on x40
Hookworm
Rhabidiform Larvae (L1)
Small nematode with plain body with deep buccal cavity
Intestinal nematode/Geohelminth larve
View on x40
Hookworm
FIlariform Larvae (L3)
Larger with plain body, a corrugated sheath or sail running the leangth of its body with a pointed tail
Intestinal nematode/Geohelminth larve
View on x40
Hookworm Ova
Colourless, single walled nematode egg containing a cloud of cells,
between 50-65µm
Non-iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
62µm
Hookworm Ova
Colourless, single walled nematode egg containing a cloud of cells,
between 50-65µm
Non-iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
53µm
Hymenolepis nana Ova
Colourless, single walled cestode/tapeworm egg containing polar filaments and hooks,
between 30-55µm
Non-iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
55µm
Hymenolepis nana Ova
Colourless, single walled cestode/tapeworm egg containing polar filaments and hooks,
between 30-55µm
Non-iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
63µm
Diphyllobothrium latum Ova
Colourless, single walled cestode/tapeworm egg with subtle operculum,
between 55-70µm
Non-iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
Enterobius vermicularis Ova
Colourless nematode egg with flattened side .’. D-shaped,
between 50-55µm
Pin worm eggs are commonly Deposited aroud the anus (use tape to collect)
Non-iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
18µm diameter
Entamoeba coli Cyst
5 ring & dot nuclei (can have upto 8) in round cyst
between 15-30µm
Iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
18µm diameter
Entamoeba coli Cyst
6 ring & dot nuclei (can have upto 8) in round cyst
between 15-30µm
Iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
8µm diameter
Entamoeba hartmanni Cyst
3 ring & dot nuclei (can have upto 4) in round cyst
between 7-10µm
Iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
8µm diameter
Entamoeba hartmanni Cyst
2 ring & dot nuclei (can have upto 4) in round cyst
between 7-10µm
Iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
8µm diameter
Endolimax nana Cyst
4 limax nuclei (flash on focusing) in round cyst (can also be oval)
between 7-10µm
Iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
8µm diameter
Nuclei change from white to black on focusing
Endolimax nana Cyst
4 limax nuclei (flash on focusing) in round cyst (can also be oval)
between 7-10µm
Iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
12µm diameter
Iodamoeba butschlii Cyst
1 limax nuclei (flash on focusing) in oval/pill-shaped cyst with orange vaccuole (gylcogen storage)
between 9-12µm
Iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
11µm diameter
Iodamoeba butschlii Cyst
1 limax nuclei (flash on focusing) in oval/pill-shaped cyst with orange vaccuole (gylcogen storage)
between 9-12µm
Iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
10µm diameter
Chilomastix mesnili Cyst
1 nuclei in lemon-shaped cyst with thick cell wall. Can sometimes see thick axoneme.
between 7-10µm
Iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
10µm diameter
Chilomastix mesnili Cyst
1 nuclei in lemon-shaped cyst with thick cell wall. Can sometimes see thick axoneme.
between 7-10µm
Iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
On focusing 4 nuclei are counted
11µm diameter
Entamoeba hystolytica/dispar Cyst
4 ring & dot nuclei in round cyst
between 10-15µm
can sometimes see chromidial bar
Iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
10µm diameter
Entamoeba hystolytica/dispar Cyst
3 ring & dot nuclei (can have upto 4) in round cyst
between 10-15µm
can just see chromidial bar
Iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
12µm diameter
Giardia intestinalis Cyst
Oval cyst containing axoneme (black line appears along the axis), between 8-12µm.
No clear nuclei but would be 4x ring & dot.
Iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
10µm diameter
Giardia intestinalis Cyst
Oval cyst containing axoneme (black line appears along the axis), between 8-12µm.
No clear nuclei but would be 4x ring & dot.
Iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
Cryptosporidium sp. Oocyst
Round oocyst deeply stained fuchsia pink due to acid-fastness, between 4.5-5.5µm.
Ziehl-Neelson STAINING - Faint green/teal background
Cryptosporidium sp. Oocyst
Round oocyst deeply stained fuchsia pink due to acid-fastness, between 4.5-5.5µm.
Ziehl-Neelson STAINING - Faint green/teal background
Cyclospora cayetanensis Oocyst
Round oocysts both irregularly stained fuchsia pink and as ‘Ghost’ oocysts due to variable acid-fastness,
between 8-10µm.
Ziehl-Neelson STAINING - Faint green/teal background
8µm diameter
Cyclospora cayetanensis Oocyst
Round oocysts irregularly stained fuchsia pink due to variable acid-fastness,
between 8-10µm.
Can also see ‘Ghost’ oocysts
Ziehl-Neelson STAINING - Faint green/teal background
Cyclospora cayetanensis Oocyst
Round ‘Ghost’ oocysts with thick wall and glassy, refractile appearance,
between 8-10µm.
Iodine stained wet prep (Measure on x40, Condenser at 2)
