Entomology Flashcards
The Vectors & Ectoparasites covered in the course
Phlebotomine Sandfly
Female
Vector of Leishmania sp. (Haemoflaggelate/Blood protozoa)
Old World Cutaneous Lieshmaniasis (Africa, Middle East)
Hairy body & wings, long mouthparts, no claw at end of abdomen
Phlebotomine Sandfly
Female
Vector of Leishmania sp. (Haemoflaggelate/Blood protozoa)
Old World Cutaneous Lieshmaniasis (Africa, Middle East)
Hairy body & wings, long mouthparts, no claw at end of abdomen
Glossina Tsetse fly
Vector of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Haemoflaggelate/Blood protozoa)
Human African Trypanosomiasis or African Sleeping Sickness
Hatchet cell in middle of wing that fold scissorlike, not hairy/coloured
Glossina Tsetse fly
- long straight proboscis
- branched hairs on arista
Vector of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Haemoflaggelate/Blood protozoa)
Human African Trypanosomiasis or African Sleeping Sickness
Hatchet cell in middle of wing that fold scissorlike, not hairy/coloured
Adult Culicoides Biting midge
Vector of Mansonella sp. (Filarial Nematode)
Subcutaneous filariasis
TX: Ivermectin
Very small with plumous antenae & distinctive light/dark patterned wings
Culicoides Biting midge larvae
Pale, worm-like
3-6 mm long with 12 body segments
Small, conical shaped eye-spots
Have 4 larval instars (only need to recognise 1)
Chrysops Deer fly
Vector of Loaloa (Filarial nematode)
Subcutaneous filariasis, Loiasis (African Eyeworm)
Long spear-like antenae like deer antlers, dark band in centre of wi
Adult Triatomine bug
Vector of Trypanosoma cruzi (Haemoflaggelate/Blood protozoa)
Chagas Disease
6 legs (insect), Long antenae & wings
Adult Triatomine bug
Panstrongylus megistus
Antennae inserted just infront of eyes
Head short & broad
Prominent Ocelli
(Panstongylus = Petite Head, Prominent eyes)
6 legs (insect), Long antenae & wings
Adult Triatomine bug
Rhodnius prolixus
Antennae inserted right at end of head
Head long & narrow
Ocelli not prominent
(Rhodnius = ‘Rhod-shaped’ Head with antenae Right at the end)
6 legs (insect), Long antenae & wings
Adult Triatomine bug
Triatoma infestans
Antennae inserted 1/2 way between eyes & end of head
Head longer
Less prominent Ocelli
6 legs (insect), Long antenae & wings
Triatomine bug Egg
Oval with granular texture
Operculum
Sticky
Triatomine bug Nymph
6 legs (insect), Long antenae
but NO wings
Anopheles Mosquito
Female
Vector of Plasmodium sp. (Blood protozoa), Malaria and Wuchereria bancrofti. (Filarial Nematode), Lymphatic Filariasis in tropical Africa
Night biter
Less hairy antennae, long palps, Ass in Air for Anopheles
Simulium Black fly
Vector of Onchocerca volvulus (Filarial Nematode)
Onchocerciasis or River Blindness
(Blackflies aka Buffalo flies)
Round ‘Buffalo hump’, large clear wings, short cigar-shaped antenae
Simulium Black fly
Vector of Onchocerca volvulus (Filarial Nematode)
Onchocerciasis or River Blindness
(Blackflies aka Buffalo flies)
Round ‘Buffalo hump’, large clear wings, short cigar-shaped antenae
Anopheles Mosquito
Female
Vector of Plasmodium sp. (Blood protozoa), Malaria and Wuchereria bancrofti. (Filarial Nematode), Lymphatic Filariasis in tropical Africa
Night biter
Less hairy antennae, long palps, Ass in Air for Anopheles
Culicine aedes aegypti Mosquito
Female
Vector of Yellow fever, dengue & Zika (flaviviruses) and chikungunya (alphaviruses)
Day biter
Less hairy antennae, short/cut palps, white leg joints, lyre on back
Anopheles Mosquito larvae
Hairy larvae without siphon and lies parallel to the water surface
Culicine culex Mosquito
Female
Vector of West nile & Japanese Enchephalitis (Flaviviruses) and Wuchereria bancrofti (Filarial Nematode), Lymphatic Filariasis throughout tropics
Night biter
Less hairy antennae, short/cut palps, plain brown, dainty wing
Phlebotomine Sandfly larvae
Catapillar-like larvae with 4x long clubbed (match-stick) hairs at end of abdomen
Simulium Black fly larvae
Aquatic larvae with 2 large gills for filter feeding
Simulium Black fly larvae
Aquatic larvae with 2 large gills for filter feeding
Culicine aedes Mosquito
Female
Vector of Wuchereria bancrofti (Filarial Nematode), Lymphatic Filariasis in Australasia, South East Asia & South Pacific
Day biter
Less hairy antennae, short palps, white leg articulations, stiped body
Anopheles Mosquito eggs
Free-floating seperate eggs with bilateral floats
Arm bands on Anopheles
Ades Mosquito eggs
Seperately laid eggs without floats
Culicine mansoniae Mosquito
Female
Vector of Brugia malayi (Filarial Nematode), Lymphatic Filariasis in Malaysia, Indonesia & Thailand
Night biter
Less hairy antennae, short/cut palps, stripy legs, salt/pepper wings
Culicine culex Mosquito eggs
Collection of eggs in raft that floats on the water surface
Culicine Mosquito larvae
Hairy larvae with siphon and sits at an angle below the water surface
Simulium Black fly pupa
Slipper-type cocoon with respiratory gilli
Mosquito pupa
Distinct eye and curved like a prawn
Glossina Tsetse fly pupa
Looks like hand Grenades
Ctenocephalides sp.
Cat (C.felis)/dog flea
Male (has upturned end of abdomen)
- Genal and pronotal Comb
- Mesopleural rod
- No headphones
Associated with tapeworms
Wingless insects (6 legs), obligate blood feeders
Tunga penetrans
Jigger flea
Male (has upturned end of abdomen)
- No combs
- Rounder body shape (more compact for Jumping)
- Head has upturned point or horn
- Long, serrated mouth parts
Associated with jiggers
Wingless insects (6 legs), obligate blood feeders
Xenopsylla
Tropical rat/plauge flea
Male (has upturned end of abdomen)
- No combs & No Headphones
- Mesopleural rod on 2nd thoracic segment
- Looks hairy due to inc. number of spines over body
Vector of Plague (Yersinia pestis) & Maurine Typhus (Rickettsia typhi)
Wingless insects (6 legs), obligate blood feeders
Pulex irritans
Human flea
Female
- No combs & No Mesopleural rod
- Has sclerotised antennal fossae aka Headphones
(Humans wears Headphones)
No associated diseases but pests - flea bites characterised by tiny dark spot surrounded by red, swollen skin
Wingless insects (6 legs), obligate blood feeders
Pthirus pubis Egg
Crab Louse
Has raised operculum & laid on hair
Demodex
(Follicle mite)
Untoothed hyposome (mite), 8 legs (adult), worm like
Adult Cimex Bedbug
Female
Not vectors of disease but serious biting nuisance.
Females have rounded, symmetrical abdomens
Males have asymmetrical outline with ‘thorn-like penis’
Oval insect (6 legs), dorso-ventrally flattened
Cimex Bedbug Egg
1 mm long & slightly curved
pearly white to pale yellow with fine pattern
Red eyespot appears as embryo develops
Seen in creases of clothing/material
Dermatophagoides
(House dust mite)
Cause allergies & exacerbate asthma
Untoothed hyposome (mite), 8 legs (adult), thick legs
Ornithodoros
(Relapsing fever tick)
Adult soft tick
Dark mammilated coat, pale legs
8 legs, Toothed hypostome, no scutum or visible mouth parts (soft tick)
Ornithodoros
(Relapsing fever tick)
Adult soft tick
Dark mammilated coat, pale legs
8 legs, Toothed hypostome, no scutum or visible mouth parts (soft tick)
Pthirus pubis
Adult crab/pubic louse
Compact body with reduced abdominal segments and very large claws on 2nd & 3rd legs
Not a vector of disease
6 legs, indistinct division into head/thorax/abdomen & eyes present
Pediculus humanus/capitis
Adult body or clothing/head Louse
Male
Elongated body with well developed claws
Pediulus humanus (clothing louse) is vector of:
- Epidemic typhus: Rickettsia prowazekii
- Louse-borne relapsing fever: Borrelia recurrentis
- Quintana fever: Bartonella quintana
6 legs, distinct division into head/thorax/abdomen & eyes present
Sarcoptes scabiei
(Scabies mite)
Burrows into skin causing Scabies (WHO NTD)
Tx: Topical Permethrin cream or PO Ivermectin
May need to Tx. 2ndry Bacterial infections
Untoothed hyposome (mite), 8 legs (adult), round body
Trombiculidae larva
(Chigger or Scrub Typhus mite larva)
Vector of Orienta Tsutusgamushi (bacteria)
Scrub Typhus
Tx. Doxycycline
Untoothed hyposome (mite), 6 legs (larvae), hairy (like Tarantular)
Ornithodoros
(Relapsing fever tick)
Adult soft tick
Dark mammilated coat, pale legs
8 legs, Toothed hypostome, no scutum or visible mouth parts (soft tick)
Ixodes
(Lyme disease tick)
Adult Hard tick
Plain scutum with Loop around anal groove
8 legs, Toothed hypostome, with scutum & visible mouth parts (hard tick)
Ixodidae
Adult Hard tick
Male
Scutum covers entire dorsal surface
8 legs, Toothed hypostome, with scutum & visible mouth parts (hard tick)
Amblyomma americanum
(Rocky mountain spotted fever tick)
Adult Hard tick
Male
Decorative scutum
8 legs, Toothed hypostome, with scutum & visible mouth parts (hard tick)
Ixodidae
Adult Hard tick
Female
Scutum only partly covers dorsal surface
8 legs, Toothed hypostome, with scutum & visible mouth parts (hard tick)
Ixodidae
Adult Hard tick
Male
Scutum covers entire dorsal surface
8 legs, Toothed hypostome, with scutum & visible mouth parts (hard tick)
Ixodidae
Larvae Hard tick
6 legs, Toothed hypostome, with scutum & visible mouth parts (hard tick)
Argasidae
Adult Soft tick
8 legs, Toothed hypostome, no scutum or visible mouth parts (soft tick)
Argasidae
Adult Soft tick
8 legs, Toothed hypostome, no scutum or visible mouth parts (soft tick)
Argasidae
Larvae Soft tick
6 legs, Toothed hypostome, no scutum or visible mouth parts (soft tick)
