stomach pathology

Question 1

types of chronic gastritis

Answer 1

1. autoimmune
2. bacterial
3. chemical

Question 2

most common cause of chronic gastritis

Answer 2

bacterial - h.pylori

Question 3

id h.pylori gram pos or neg

Answer 3

gram -ve

Question 4

what interleukin is key in h.pylori chronic gastritis

Answer 4

IL-8

Question 5

pernicious anaemia increases the risk of what cancer

Answer 5

gastric cancer (gastric adenocarcinoma)

Question 6

what things cause gastritis of a chemical nature

Answer 6

NSAID, alcohol, bile reflux

Question 7

types of malignant gastric cancer

Answer 7

adenocarcinoma
lymphoma
gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST)

Question 8

pre-malignant conditions that predipose to gastric cancer include

Answer 8

pernicious anaemia, h.pylori and HNPCC

Question 9

signet ring type

Answer 9

gastric cancer - diffuse type

Question 10

subtypes of gastric adenocarcinoma

Answer 10

1. intestinal type - angry ulcer
2. diffuse type - signet ring type

Question 11

what is a kruckenberg tumour

Answer 11

metatstaic ovarian cancer of mucin rich signet ring cells originating from gastric adenocarcinoma

Question 12

what gastric cancer is assoc with h/pylori

Answer 12

MALT - mucos assoc lymphoid tissue (maltoma)

Question 13

what type of immune cell does a MALT (maltoma) tumour originate from

Answer 13

B-cell

Question 14

investigation for gastroparesis

Answer 14

gastric emptying study

Question 15

mangement of gastroparesis

Answer 15

little and often, gastric pacemaker

Question 16

what is achalasia

Answer 16

lower oesophagus doesnt contract

Question 17

sign seen on x-ray in achalasia

Answer 17

bird -beak

Question 18

treatment for achalsia

Answer 18

pneumatic dilatation, myotomy, botox

Question 19

what antiobides seen on serology in h.pylori infection

Answer 19

IgA

Question 20

Treatment for h.pylori infection

Answer 20

triple therapy
PPi+ amox + (clarothromycin OR metronidazole)

Question 21

most common location of peptic ulcer

Answer 21

duodenum

Question 22

what is the rockall score for

Answer 22

mortality after GI bleed

Question 23

what is the blatchford score for

Answer 23

likelyhood of rebleeding after GI bleed

Question 24

treatment options of peptic ulcer

Answer 24

1. adrenaline injection
2. heater probe coagulation
3. clips
4. haemospray

Question 25

how does adrenaline injections into peptic ulcer work

Answer 25

causes vasocontriction and reducs blood supply

Question 26

treatment of variceal bleed

Answer 26

1. terlipressin 2. banding 3. sclerotherapy 4. sengstak balloon 5. TIPS

Question 27

prophylaxis of GI bleed in oesophageal varices

Answer 27

propranolol

Question 28

how does terlipressin work in variceal bleed

Answer 28

casues splanchnic vasoconstriction by stim V1 receptors

Question 29

What does TIPS stand for and possible complications

Answer 29

Transjugular intraheptic portalsystemic shunt hepatic encephalopathy

Question 30

how long does type 1 intestinal failure last for

Answer 30

self limiting <28 days

Question 31

how long deos type 2 inetstinal failure last for

Answer 31

> 28 days

Question 32

what type of intestinal failure is seen in short gut syndorme

Answer 32

type 3 - chronic

Question 33

pathogenesis of meckels diverticulum

Answer 33

result of incomplete regression of viello-intestinal duct

Question 34

where is meckels diverticulum found

Answer 34

2inch long found 2 foot above IC valve in 2% of people

Question 35

what type of cancer is assoc with coeliac

Answer 35

t-cell lymphoma of small bowel

Question 36

what tumour is associated with flushing and diarrhoea

Answer 36

carcinoid tumour/ neuroendocrine tumour

Question 37

what does a carcinoid tumour look like

Answer 37

small and yellow, slow growing