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Gastrointestinal Diseases > Stomach General > Flashcards

Stomach General Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main bacteria in the stomach?

A

Atleast 40% population is H.Pylori

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2
Q

Population and type of bacteria in the small intestine

A

Low numbers of bacteria and mainly aciduric bacteria: Lactobacilli, Streptococci and Yeasts

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3
Q

What is special about the bacteria in the SI?

A

They can survive the acidity of the stomach

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4
Q

What is the type and population of bacteria in the LI?

A
  • Dense population

- Mainly anaerobes (obligate)

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5
Q

What is the one of the main issues with the large intestine being complex?

A

The microbiota is poorly studied

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6
Q

How do bacteria lead to diarrhea?

A
  • Bacterial toxins lead to increased water and electrolytes being secreted into the intestine
  • Bacteria cause mucosal injury leading to inflammation and impaired absorption
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7
Q

Name 4 common bacterial enteric pathogens

A

Campylobacter, Salmonella, E.Coli and S.aureus

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8
Q

3 main symptoms of Gastroenteritis

A
  • Vomiting
  • Diarreha (With or withour blood) +Mucous
  • Abdominal pain+Distention
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9
Q

Most common bacterial cause of Gasteroenteritis

A

Campybolcater

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10
Q

Source of campybolacter

A

Undercooked food

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11
Q

How many organisms needed for campybolacter

A

Low infective dose

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12
Q

Which bacteria causes disease in travellers

A

E.coli (Toxigenic)

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of GI disease

A

Flatluence, Diarrhea, Steattorhea, Vomiting, Dysphagia, Dyspepsia,Heartburn, Constipation, Abdominal pain

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14
Q

What is steatorrhea and in what disease is it seen?

A

Fat coming out in the stool due to fat malabsorption. Seen in Coeliacs

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15
Q

What are the symptoms linked to oeseophageal symptoms

A

Dysphagia, Vomiting/Cough and Pain

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16
Q

What are the 2 muscles which meet at Kilians dehisience

A

Thryopharyngeus and Cricopharyngeus

17
Q

What can Kilians dehisience lead to?

A

Zenkers diverticulum (herniation of mucosa)

18
Q

What can the causes of dysphagia be divided into:

A

Extrinsic pressure =goitre , Intrinsic lesions= pharyngeal pouch , Neuromuscular=Myasthenia gravis and motility disorder= achalasia

19
Q

How do we rule out cardiac pathology linked to dysphagiaa?

A

Cardic enzymes and EEG

20
Q

Symptoms of pharyngeal pouch?

A

Dysphagia and swelling in lower neck usuallly on left

21
Q

Cause of pharyngeal pouch?

A

Herniation in the mucosa due to weakness in pharyngeal constrictor muscles

22
Q

What is achalasia?

A

Loss of ganglia from intramural plexus so we dont get relaxation of gastro-oesophageal sphincter, so oesophagus dilates as food builds up in it as we dont get peristalsis.

23
Q

What is oesphophageal spasm?

A

Attacks of dysphagia and pain.

Variety of causes: Motor disorders or systematic peristalsis or GORD

24
Q

What is scary about Oesophageal web

A

It is premalginant

25
Q

Symptoms in oesophageal web

A

Dysphagia, Koilonychia, Iron deficiency Anaemia, Glossitis

26
Q

What is the oesophageal web?

A

Fibrous stricture which forms at upper end of oesophagus due to atrophy of mucosa

27
Q

What happens in peptic ulcer disease/Reflux

A

Failure of cardiac sphincter to relax so we get acid refulx into oesophagus

28
Q

Symptoms of peptic ulcer

A

Pain, Ulcer and spasm

29
Q

AETIOLOGy of peptic ulcer

A

Destruction of lining mucosa due to acid and pepsin (causes inflammation)

30
Q

4 reasons lining mucosa is damaged

A

H/pylori
Smoking
Steroids
Aspirin and NSAIDs

31
Q

What happens in Barretts oesophagus

A

Due to acid repeatedly going from stomach to oesophagus, there is metaplasia of the oesophageal cels into Gastric lining cells.
Pre-malignant

32
Q

Where can carcinoma of oesophagus spread

A

-lymph nodes
liver
-fungate into lumen of oesopagus
-infiltrate adjacent structures such as mediastinum

Gastrointestinal Diseases (6 decks)

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