Stomach Disease Flashcards
What is the main cause of stomach pathology?
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
Describe the pathology of how H. pylori causes further release of hydrochloric acid.
Decreases somatostatin release, increasing gastrin, and increasing parietal cells which release H+
Describe the basic pathology of how H. pylori can cause stomach cancer.
Decreases acidity (urease producing NH4+)
Apart from H. pylori, which other factors increase risk of peptic ulcers/stomach cancer?
NSAIDs, alcohol, bile
Describe how H. pylori can cause inflammation.
Direct injury to mucosa, hyperplasia, congestion, inflammation
What are peptic ulcers caused by>
Acid and pepsin attack with lack of mucosal defence
What is the main visual sign of peptic ulcers?
Clear cut and layered
Which investigations should be conducted for peptic ulcer disease?
Biopsy, breath tests (urease), FAT, serology
What are the complications of peptic ulcer removal?
Anaemia, bleeds, perforation, obstruction
What is the name of a benign growth in the stomach?
Polyp
What are the two main malignant tumour types of the stomach?
Adenocarcinoma (diffuse/intestinal), lymphoma (MALToma)
What is dyspepsia?
Indigestion - pain in the upper abdomen Functional diagnosis (of exclusion)
What are the Rome III criteria for dyspepsia?
Epigastric pain/burning
Posprandial fullness
Early satiety
What are the five red flag symptoms?
Dysphagia, blood loss, vomiting, weight loss, mass
What is the primary treatment for PUD?
Endoscopy -> adrenaline/thermo-coagulation/clips
