Stomach And Small Intestine Flashcards
The stomach is a dilated part of the ……
alimentary
canal
The stomach location is
in the upper part of the abdomen
Located in left hypochondrium epigastric and umbilical regions
Most of the stomach is protected by
The lower ribs
Shape of the stomach
J-shaped
The stomach have how many orifices, borders, surfaces, parts?
2 orifices
• Cardiac orifice
• Pyloric orifice
2 Borders:
• Greater curvature
• Lesser curvature
2 Surfaces:
• Anterior surface
• Posterior surface
3 Parts:
• Fundus
• Body
• Pylorus
Pylorus is formed of how many parts (Name them)
• Pyloric antrum
• Pyloric canal
• Pyloric sphincter
Cardiac orifice is the site of?
the gastro-esophageal sphincter
Cardiac orifice is know to be
a physiological rather than an anatomical sphincter
Under involuntary control
Cardiac orifice Consists of what kind of muscle, what controls it?
a circular layer of smooth muscle (under vagal and hormonal control)
Cardiac orifice function is to?
Prevents (GER) regurgitation (reflux)
Cardiac orifice is known to be the site of?
Site for mucosal transition from esophagus to stomach (Z- line)
Fundus shape and location
Dome
Located to the left of the cardiac orifice
What part of the stomavh appears black in the X-Ray?
Fundus
Fundus function
The fundus stores gas produced during digestion. It doesn’t store any food and it’s usually full of gas
The body extends from where to where?
The level of the fundus to The level of incisura
Angularis
Define incisura Angularis
A constant notch on the lesser curvature
Lesser curvature forms what border of the stomach
Forms the right border of the stomach
Lesser curvature Extends from where to where?
From the cardiac orifice to the pylorus
Lesser curvature is attached to …… by ……?
Attached to the liver by the lesser omentum
Greater curvature forms which border of the
stomach
Lrft
Greater curvature extends from where to where?
Extends from the cardiac orifice to the pylorus
The Greater curvature upper part is attached to the …… by ……
attached from the upper part to the Spleen by gastrosplenic ligament
The Greater curvature lower part is attached to the …… by ……
Its lower part is attached to the transverse colon
by the greater omentum
greater omentum is known to be the
Policeman of the Abdomen due to its immunological
function (cover areas of infection with immunologically active tissue)
The pyloric antrum extends from …… to the ……
Incisura angularis to the pylorus
What is the pylorus
pylorus is a tubular part of the stomach
Pylorus lies in the
transpyloric plane
what is the structure on the end of the pylorus?
has a thick muscular end called pyloric sphincter
The cavity of the pylorus is the?
pyloric canal
Name the stomach bed organs
-Left crus of diaphragm
-left suprarenal gland
-left kidney
-spleen
-splenic artery
-pancreas
-Transverse Mesocolon
-splenic flexure
All the stomach bed organs are seperated from the stomach by the …… except ……?
Cavity of the lesser sac
Except spleen
The 5 arteries of the stomach are all derived from
from the foregut for that they are all branches of the celiac trunk
Left gastric artery is a branch of …… that runs along ……
celiac artery
The lesser curvature
Right gastric artery is a branch of …… that runs along ……
hepatic A of celiac
Runs to the left along the lesser curvature
Short gastric arteries arise from the …… and Pass in the ……
splenic artery
gastrosplenic ligament
Left gastroepiploic artery arises from …… Pass in the …… along the ……
splenic artery
gastrosplenic ligament
greater curvature
Right gastroepiploic artery arises from …… Pass in the …… along the ……
gastroduodenal artery of hepatic Passes to the left along the greater curvature
All of the vienous drainage of the stomach drain into
Portal circulation
Whic of the stomach veins drain directly into the portal vein
right and left gastric veins
short gastric veins and the left gastroepiploic vein join what
join the splenic vein then finally in the portal vein
The right gastroepiploic vein drain in the
Superior mesentric vein
Describe The lymph vessels drainage
• Left and right gastric nodes
• Left and right gastroepiploic nodes
• Short gastric nodes
• Ultimately, all the lymph from the stomach is collected at the celiac nodes
Define the nasogastric tube
-To drain the stomach if it is not working properly which can sometimes happen after surgery
-To provide nourishment (Tube feeding) directly into the stomach if the patient can’t eat because of intubation
What is the longest part of the alimentary canal
Small intestine
Where does the small intestine extends from and to where?
From the pylorus to the ileocecal junction
Dudenoum shape/lenght
C-Shaped loop/10 inches
Mention the beginning and termination of the duodenum
Pyloro-duodenal junction
Duodeni-Jejunal flexure
The duodenum is divided into how many parts? Mention their lenght
1st superior - 2 in
2nd descending (Vertical) - 3 in
3rd Inferior (Horizontal) - 4 in
4th Ascending - 1 in
Duodenum relation of the first part
Anteriorly: Liver
Posteriorly: -Bile duct-portal vein-Gastroduodenal artery
Duodenum relations of the second part
Anteriorly: liver-Transverse Colon-Small intestine
Posteriorly: Right kidney
Laterally: Right colic flexure
Medially: pancreas
What are the two opening in the doudenum
Which part exactly are they opening into
Common opening of bile duct and main pancreatic duct
2nd part
What opens in the summit of major duodenal papilla
Common opening of bile duct and main pancreatic duct
What opens in the summit of minor duodenal papilla
Opening of accesory pancreatic duct
1 inch higher than the major
The duodenum is derived from what parts of gut
Foregut and Midgut
Duodenum has it’s artery supply from
Celiac and Superior mesenteric arteries
Duodenum Venous drainage to
Superior mesenteric and portal vein
Duodenum lymphatic drainage to
Celiac and superior Mesentric lymph nodes
What anchors and supports the duodenum and helps move contents along the gastrointestinal tract
The ligament of Treitz
1st part of the du is commonest site for
Peptic ulcer
Third part of the duodenum is vulnerable for
Injury, as it lies anterior to vertebraL column L3
Stenosis of duodenum might occur by
Annular pancreas and carcinoma in the head of pancreas
Jejunum and Ileum shape/length
Coiled tube
6 meters
Jejunum and Ileum beginning and termination
Begins at duodenojejunal flexure
Ends at ileoceacal junction
Embryological origin of Jejunum and Ileum
Midgut
Blood supply of Jejunum and Ileum
Superior mesentric A & V
Lymphatic drainage of Jejunum and Ileum
Superion mesentric lymph nodes
Appearance of Jejunum and Ileum
Dark red (More vascular)
Light red (less vascular)
Vessels of Jejunum and Ileum
High and less arcades (long terminal branches)
Low and more arcades (short terminal branches)
Describe the mesentric fat of Jejunum and Ileum
Small amount
Large amount
Lymphoid tissues of both Jejunum and Ileum
Few aggregations
Numerous aggregation (peyer’s patches)
Mesentery of Small intestine extent
From duodenojejunal flexure to ileocecal junction
Formation of the mesentery of Small intestine
Formed of 2 layers
mesentery of Small intestine have 2 attached borders name them and their length/shape
Intestinal border-Free border (6 m)
Root of mesentery-Attached border (6 inch)
(J-shaped)
Root of the mesentery of Small intestine cross superficial to the following structure
- 3rd part of duodenum
- Abdominal Aorta
- Inferior Vena Cava
- Right psoas major
- Right ureter
What are the contents of small intestine mesentery
- Superior Mesentric Artery
- Superior Mesentric vein
- Coils of the Small intestine
- Extraperitoneal tissue and fat - Mesenteric Lymph nodes (arranged in 3 groups: larger med and small)
