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GIT Anatomy > Stomach And Small Intestine > Flashcards

Stomach And Small Intestine Flashcards

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1
Q

The stomach is a dilated part of the ……

A

alimentary
canal

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2
Q

The stomach location is

A

in the upper part of the abdomen
Located in left hypochondrium epigastric and umbilical regions

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3
Q

Most of the stomach is protected by

A

The lower ribs

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4
Q

Shape of the stomach

A

J-shaped

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5
Q

The stomach have how many orifices, borders, surfaces, parts?

A

2 orifices
• Cardiac orifice
• Pyloric orifice
2 Borders:
• Greater curvature
• Lesser curvature
2 Surfaces:
• Anterior surface
• Posterior surface
3 Parts:
• Fundus
• Body
• Pylorus

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6
Q

Pylorus is formed of how many parts (Name them)

A

• Pyloric antrum
• Pyloric canal
• Pyloric sphincter

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7
Q

Cardiac orifice is the site of?

A

the gastro-esophageal sphincter

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8
Q

Cardiac orifice is know to be

A

a physiological rather than an anatomical sphincter
Under involuntary control

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9
Q

Cardiac orifice Consists of what kind of muscle, what controls it?

A

a circular layer of smooth muscle (under vagal and hormonal control)

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10
Q

Cardiac orifice function is to?

A

Prevents (GER) regurgitation (reflux)

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11
Q

Cardiac orifice is known to be the site of?

A

Site for mucosal transition from esophagus to stomach (Z- line)

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12
Q

Fundus shape and location

A

Dome
Located to the left of the cardiac orifice

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13
Q

What part of the stomavh appears black in the X-Ray?

A

Fundus

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14
Q

Fundus function

A

The fundus stores gas produced during digestion. It doesn’t store any food and it’s usually full of gas

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15
Q

The body extends from where to where?

A

The level of the fundus to The level of incisura
Angularis

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16
Q

Define incisura Angularis

A

A constant notch on the lesser curvature

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17
Q

Lesser curvature forms what border of the stomach

A

Forms the right border of the stomach

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18
Q

Lesser curvature Extends from where to where?

A

From the cardiac orifice to the pylorus

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19
Q

Lesser curvature is attached to …… by ……?

A

Attached to the liver by the lesser omentum

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20
Q

Greater curvature forms which border of the
stomach

A

Lrft

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21
Q

Greater curvature extends from where to where?

A

Extends from the cardiac orifice to the pylorus

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22
Q

The Greater curvature upper part is attached to the …… by ……

A

attached from the upper part to the Spleen by gastrosplenic ligament

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23
Q

The Greater curvature lower part is attached to the …… by ……

A

Its lower part is attached to the transverse colon
by the greater omentum

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24
Q

greater omentum is known to be the

A

Policeman of the Abdomen due to its immunological
function (cover areas of infection with immunologically active tissue)

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25
Q

The pyloric antrum extends from …… to the ……

A

Incisura angularis to the pylorus

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26
Q

What is the pylorus

A

pylorus is a tubular part of the stomach

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27
Q

Pylorus lies in the

A

transpyloric plane

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28
Q

what is the structure on the end of the pylorus?

A

has a thick muscular end called pyloric sphincter

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29
Q

The cavity of the pylorus is the?

A

pyloric canal

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30
Q

Name the stomach bed organs

A

-Left crus of diaphragm
-left suprarenal gland
-left kidney
-spleen
-splenic artery
-pancreas
-Transverse Mesocolon
-splenic flexure

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31
Q

All the stomach bed organs are seperated from the stomach by the …… except ……?

A

Cavity of the lesser sac
Except spleen

32
Q

The 5 arteries of the stomach are all derived from

A

from the foregut for that they are all branches of the celiac trunk

33
Q

Left gastric artery is a branch of …… that runs along ……

A

celiac artery
The lesser curvature

34
Q

Right gastric artery is a branch of …… that runs along ……

A

hepatic A of celiac
Runs to the left along the lesser curvature

35
Q

Short gastric arteries arise from the …… and Pass in the ……

A

splenic artery
gastrosplenic ligament

36
Q

Left gastroepiploic artery arises from …… Pass in the …… along the ……

A

splenic artery
gastrosplenic ligament
greater curvature

37
Q

Right gastroepiploic artery arises from …… Pass in the …… along the ……

A

gastroduodenal artery of hepatic Passes to the left along the greater curvature

38
Q

All of the vienous drainage of the stomach drain into

A

Portal circulation

39
Q

Whic of the stomach veins drain directly into the portal vein

A

right and left gastric veins

40
Q

short gastric veins and the left gastroepiploic vein join what

A

join the splenic vein then finally in the portal vein

41
Q

The right gastroepiploic vein drain in the

A

Superior mesentric vein

42
Q

Describe The lymph vessels drainage

A

• Left and right gastric nodes
• Left and right gastroepiploic nodes
• Short gastric nodes
• Ultimately, all the lymph from the stomach is collected at the celiac nodes

43
Q

Define the nasogastric tube

A

-To drain the stomach if it is not working properly which can sometimes happen after surgery
-To provide nourishment (Tube feeding) directly into the stomach if the patient can’t eat because of intubation

44
Q

What is the longest part of the alimentary canal

A

Small intestine

45
Q

Where does the small intestine extends from and to where?

A

From the pylorus to the ileocecal junction

46
Q

Dudenoum shape/lenght

A

C-Shaped loop/10 inches

47
Q

Mention the beginning and termination of the duodenum

A

Pyloro-duodenal junction
Duodeni-Jejunal flexure

48
Q

The duodenum is divided into how many parts? Mention their lenght

A

1st superior - 2 in
2nd descending (Vertical) - 3 in
3rd Inferior (Horizontal) - 4 in
4th Ascending - 1 in

49
Q

Duodenum relation of the first part

A

Anteriorly: Liver
Posteriorly: -Bile duct-portal vein-Gastroduodenal artery

50
Q

Duodenum relations of the second part

A

Anteriorly: liver-Transverse Colon-Small intestine
Posteriorly: Right kidney
Laterally: Right colic flexure
Medially: pancreas

51
Q

What are the two opening in the doudenum
Which part exactly are they opening into

A

Common opening of bile duct and main pancreatic duct
2nd part

52
Q

What opens in the summit of major duodenal papilla

A

Common opening of bile duct and main pancreatic duct

53
Q

What opens in the summit of minor duodenal papilla

A

Opening of accesory pancreatic duct
1 inch higher than the major

54
Q

The duodenum is derived from what parts of gut

A

Foregut and Midgut

55
Q

Duodenum has it’s artery supply from

A

Celiac and Superior mesenteric arteries

56
Q

Duodenum Venous drainage to

A

Superior mesenteric and portal vein

57
Q

Duodenum lymphatic drainage to

A

Celiac and superior Mesentric lymph nodes

58
Q

What anchors and supports the duodenum and helps move contents along the gastrointestinal tract

A

The ligament of Treitz

59
Q

1st part of the du is commonest site for

A

Peptic ulcer

60
Q

Third part of the duodenum is vulnerable for

A

Injury, as it lies anterior to vertebraL column L3

61
Q

Stenosis of duodenum might occur by

A

Annular pancreas and carcinoma in the head of pancreas

62
Q

Jejunum and Ileum shape/length

A

Coiled tube
6 meters

63
Q

Jejunum and Ileum beginning and termination

A

Begins at duodenojejunal flexure
Ends at ileoceacal junction

64
Q

Embryological origin of Jejunum and Ileum

A

Midgut

65
Q

Blood supply of Jejunum and Ileum

A

Superior mesentric A & V

66
Q

Lymphatic drainage of Jejunum and Ileum

A

Superion mesentric lymph nodes

67
Q

Appearance of Jejunum and Ileum

A

Dark red (More vascular)
Light red (less vascular)

68
Q

Vessels of Jejunum and Ileum

A

High and less arcades (long terminal branches)
Low and more arcades (short terminal branches)

69
Q

Describe the mesentric fat of Jejunum and Ileum

A

Small amount
Large amount

70
Q

Lymphoid tissues of both Jejunum and Ileum

A

Few aggregations
Numerous aggregation (peyer’s patches)

71
Q

Mesentery of Small intestine extent

A

From duodenojejunal flexure to ileocecal junction

72
Q

Formation of the mesentery of Small intestine

A

Formed of 2 layers

73
Q

mesentery of Small intestine have 2 attached borders name them and their length/shape

A

Intestinal border-Free border (6 m)
Root of mesentery-Attached border (6 inch)
(J-shaped)

74
Q

Root of the mesentery of Small intestine cross superficial to the following structure

A
  • 3rd part of duodenum
  • Abdominal Aorta
  • Inferior Vena Cava
  • Right psoas major
  • Right ureter
75
Q

What are the contents of small intestine mesentery

A
  • Superior Mesentric Artery
  • Superior Mesentric vein
  • Coils of the Small intestine
    - Extraperitoneal tissue and fat
  • Mesenteric Lymph nodes (arranged in 3 groups: larger med and small)

GIT Anatomy (7 decks)

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