Salivary Glands T2 Flashcards
Salivary glands are exo or endo crine?
Exocrine, that produces saliva
What is the position of the parotid gland?
located in a deep space(anterior and below the lower half of the ear)
What are the parotid gland relations
(Ant-post-sup-Inf)
• Anteriorly: mandibular ramus & masseter
(the parotid gland is behind them)
• Posteriorly: Mastoid process & sternomastoid
muscle (the parotid gland is in front of them)
• Superiorly: Zygomatic arch
• Inferiorly: Lower border of the mandible
Shape/ends of the parotid gland?
Shape: wedge (Inverted pyramid) shaped.
• It has 2 ends, 3 borders and 3 surfaces
• It has 2 ends:
1. Concave upper end (base)
2. Lower end (apex)
What are the 3 borders of the parotid glands?
- Anterior border: lies on masseter muscle
and the parotid duct arises from this border - Posterior border: related to sternomastoid
muscle - Medial border: related to lateral pharyngeal wall
What are the 3 surfaces of the parotid glands?
• Lateral
• Anteromedial
• Posteromedial
The facial nerve courses horizontally through the parotid gland and divides it into?
• Deep lobe
• Superficial lobe
Parotid (stensen’s) duct pierces what? opening into what?
• Buccal pad of fat
• Buccopharyngeal fascia
• Buccinator muscle
• Buccal mucosa
- Opens into the vestibule of mouth on a small papilla, opposite the second upper molar tooth
Structures within parotid glands from superficial to deep OR lateral to medial
1- Facial nerve (Most superficial)
2- Retromandibular vein (Intermediate in position)
3- External carotid artery (Most deep)
4- Parotid group of Lymph nodes
Extracranial pathway of Facial Nerve
Askkkkk
Facial nerve emerges from …… to?
emerges from stylomastoid foramen to enter the gland at its posteromedial surface
Facial nerve gives how many branches?
2 Branches before it enters the gland
5 Branches within the parotid
The Branches within the parotid leaves to be?
leave anteromedial suface of the gland:
1 Temporal
2- Zygomatic
3- Buccal
4 Mandibular
5 Cervical
Retromandibular vein is formed within the gland by?
by the union of maxillary & superficial temporal veins
Retromandibular vein is leaves where?
leaves lower end of the gland
Before Retromandibular vein leaves the gland it’s divided into 2 division/branches?
- anterior (joins facial vein)
- posterior (joins posterior auricular vein to form external jugular vein)
External Carotid artery is divided into its 2
terminal branches what are they?
maxillary and superficial temporal arteries at neck of
mandible
maxillary and superficial temporal arteries leave from?
leave upper end & anteriomedial surface of gland
What’s the Nerve supply of the parotid gland?
- Parasympathetic (secretomotor):
• Reach gland through auriculotemporal nerve - Sympathetic:
• from plexus around external carotid artery. - Sensory supply:
• Auriculo-temporal nerve (a branch of posterior division of mandibular nerve)
What’s the Blood supply of the parotid gland?
- Arterial supply:
• external carotid artery + its 2-terminal branches (maxillary and superficial temporal artery) - Venous drainage:
• The 2-veins (maxillary & superficial temporal veins) drain into the retromandibular vein - Lymphatic:
• parotid lymph nodes which finally drain into deep cervical lymph nodes
Parotid gland infection (mumps) is presented in what year? What’s the pathogen causing it? What’s the symptoms shown?
- Present at 4 – 6 years old
- Uncommon due to MMR vaccine
- Pathogen: mumps virus (a paramyxovirus)
- Presentation: painful parotid swelling (may
involve submandibular and sublingual glands)
Define Submandibular Gland, mention it’s site
It is a lobulated mass, located deep to the body of the mandible (submandibular fossa)
Submandibular Gland is formed of two parts what are they?
• Large Superficial Part
• Small Deep Part: lies deep to mylohyoid and superficial to hyoglossus
The Large Superficial Part lies in
lies in digastric triangle between mylohyoid & body of mandible (superficial to mylohyoid)
The Small Deep Part lies in?
lies deep to mylohyoid and superficial to hyoglossus
Sub. M deep part is continuous with?
superficial part around posterior border of mylohyoid muscle.
Submandibular (wharton’s) duct emerges from?
Where does it open?
- deep part of the gland
- The duct opens in floor of mouth at summit
of sublingual papilla close to frenulum of
tongue
Anatomical relationship of the Submandibular
- Lingual nerve
- Hypoglossal nerve
- Anterior facial vein
- Facial artery
- Marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve
The submandibular duct opens on …… close to ……
- summit of sublingual papilla
- frenulum of tongue
Submandibular Gland arterial supply and lymphatic drainage?
- Arterial Supply :
branches of facial & lingual arteries - Lymph drainage :
submandibular + deep cervical lymph nodes
Submandibular Gland nerve supply?
- Parasympathetic: secretomotor fibers from superior salivary nucleus of 7th C.N. (facial nerve) —> via chorda tympani nerve —> to join lingual nerve and pass into submandibular ganglion, then postganglionic parasympathetic secretory fibers from ganglion via lingual nerve into gland
- Sympathetic fibers: from plexus of nerves around Facial + Lingual arteries
- Sensory: lingual nerve
Which nerve of the S. Mandibular is commonly
injured and why?
during excision a tumor of the submandibular salivary gland, so the patient complains of loss of general sensation of anterior 2/3 of the tongue after
the operation
Salivary Calculi is also known to be?
Sialolithiasis
Sialolithiasis is most common in?
submandibular gland (80–90%)
Sialolithiasis is associated with?
gout (Uric acid) and smoking
What’s the smallest salivary gland!
Sublingual salivary gland
Sublingual salivary gland shape/site
- almond shaped with wide anterior end & narrow posterior end
-It lies in sublingual fossa of the mandible
The ducts of the sublingual glands are called
Bartholin’s ducts
Relations of the Sublingual salivary gland
(Sup-Inf-Lat)
1) Superiorly: mucous membrane of floor of mouth
2) Inferiorly: mylohyoid muscle
3)Laterally: sublingual fossa of mandible
Sublingual ducts open into floor of mouth by?
8 – 20 ducts on summit of sublingual fold
Minor salivary gland are about?
450 lie under the mucosa
Minor salivary gland all are distirbuted in?
- in the mucosa of the lips, cheeks, palate, floor of mouth & retromolar area
- Also appear in oropharyanx, larynx & trachea
Disorders of Minor salivary gland and sublingual glands
Cyst
Cyst are either/or
•Extravasation cyst result from trauma to overlying mucosa.
•Mucous retention cyst in the floor of the mouth due to obstruction.
What is Ranula?
extravasation cyst that arises from sublingual gland
Are Tumors of minor & sublingual salivary gland common or rare
Extremely rare 90% are malignant
Most common types of Tumors of minor & sublingual salivary gland
upper lip, palate & retromolar region
