Stomach and Esophagus Flashcards
What are the components of the ailmentary canal?
oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anal canal
what are the principal organs associated with the ailmentary canal?
tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder
What is the function of the mucosa epithelium of the ailmentary canal?
protective, secretory, or absorptive
what does the lamina propria of the mucosa layer of the ailmentary canal contain? (tissue/cells)
loose CT with many capillaries; often contains diffuse or nodular lymphatic tissue referred to as gut - associated lymphatic tissue (GALT); may contain glands continuous with epithelium (mucosal glands)
what does the muscularis mucosae layer of the alimetary canal contain? (in the mucosa layer)
thin layer of smooth muscle, sometimes with inner circular and outer longitudinal components
Why type of tissue is found in the ailmentary canal submucosa?
coarse collagenous CT (dense irregular) with blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
AND ganglion cells of the submucosal plexus = Meissners
where does the submucosa layer of the ailmentary canal contain glands?
only in the esophagus and duodenum
Describe the muscle layers in the muscularis externa layer of the ailmentary canal
usually two layers: inner circular and outer longitudinal, which provide for luminal and longitudinal constriction, respectively;
the stomach has 3 layers (inner oblique layer is added)
Where is the ganglia of myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus found?
between the (inner) circular and (outer) longitudinal layers of the muscularis externa layer of the ailmentary canal
what is the function of the ganglia myenteric? what system do they belong to?
belong to the intrinsic enteric component of the autonomic nervous system;
Function = integrated networks regulate peristaltic muscular contractions and secretory functions of mucosal and submucosal glands
what is the outermost layer of the ailmentary canal?
serosa or adventitia (fibrosa)
Describe the serosa layer of the ailmentary canal
outer layer of connective tissue covered by a simple squamous epithelium called mesothelium
Describe the adventitia fibrosa layer of the ailmentary canal. where is it found?
when the organ (ie: esophagus) is NOT suspending in the peritoneal cavity, there is no medothelial covering = adventitia fibrosa
what is the function of the oropharynx? what does it transmit?
provides access to esophagus; carries both air and food
Describe the mucosa layer of the oropharynx
epithelium = stratified squamous non-keratinized
lamina propria = loose CT with elastic fibers, some mucous glands and a prominent elastic layer that sends fibers into muscle layer to anchor mucosa
Describe the submucosa layer of the oropharynx
typically not present
Describe the muscularis externa layer of the oropharynx:
inner circular and out longitudinal layers of skeletal muscle
Describe the outermost layer of the oropharynx
= adventitia (fibrosa) = tough fibroelastic CT
what is the function of the esophagus
muscular tube that delivers food and liquid from pharynx to stomach
Describe the mucosa layer of the esophagus
- epithelium = stratified squamous non-keratinized
2. Lamina propria = loose CT + mucosal or cardiac glands present near the ends of esophagus
Describe the glands found in mucosa of the esophagus (histology)
found in the lamina propria of the mucosa; simple branched tubular glands similar to those in the upper or cardiac region of the stomach
Describe the muscularis mucosae in the esophagus
single layer of longitudinally oriented SMOOTH muscle
what type of tissue is found in the submucosa of the esophagus?
coarse collagenous connective tissue (dense irregular) + submucosal glands (esophageal glands proper)
Are there any glands found in the submucosa of the esophagus? if yes, describe them
compound tubuloalveolar glands with variable distribution;
secrete product to the surface via a duct;
mostly MUCUS, but some serous cells producing lysozyme
