Oral Cavity and Teeth Flashcards
1
Q
where do microvilli of the taste bud cells come out of?
A
taste pore
2
Q
what are the 3 distinct zones of the lip?
A
- outer cutaneous surface 2. vermilion 3. inner oral mucosa
3
Q
what is the function of myoepithelium?
A
help move secretory product toward the striated duct
3
Q
what is the morphology/amount of the intercalated ducts in the parotid gland?
A
long and numerous
4
Q
what is the morphology of interlobular ducts?
A
simple columnar to pseudo strat
5
Q
the ____ serves as a point where thin keratinized epidermis of the face changes into thick nonkeratinized epithelium of the ____ (its a mucocutaneous junction)
A
lip; oral mucosa
5
Q
what is the function of the basal/periphery stem type cells?
A
undergo rapid renewal and replacement of other cell types every 10-14 days, locate at the base of the taste bud
5
Q
how to enamel rods run in relation to tooth surface?
A
perpendicular
5
Q
does periodontal ligament contain any vasculature/innervation?
A
yes! vasulcar, lymphatics, nerves ** proprioreceptive nerves
6
Q
what is the function of excretory ducts?
A
transport saliva to surface
7
Q
what type of glands are the major salivary glands?
A
compound tubulolvelolar exocrine (serous and/or mucous gland)
7
Q
what are the cells in secretory acini?
A
- secretory cells (mucous or serous) 2. myoepithelium (contractile)
8
Q
what ducts drain into primary/main ducts that enter the oral cavity?
A
extralobular
9
Q
what defines the inner oral mucosal surface of the lip?
A
covered in lining mucosa; underneath mucosa is submucosa that is bound to orbicularis oris; has the labial minor salivary gland in the submucosa layer
11
Q
what type of tissue is submucosa?
A
coarse, dense CT underlying mucosa
12
Q
which continues to grow your entire life, dentin or enamel?
A
dentin
12
Q
what is the hardest substance in the body?
A
enamel (96-98% inorganic) organic material = enamelin
13
Q
what is the morphology/amount of the striated ducts in the submandibular gland?
A
large conspicuous
14
Q
what are sharypey fibers? what is their significance in teeth/
A
Type I ollagen fibers that are embedded in cementum or bone and function to attache the periodontal ligament into the cementum or bone
15
Q
what is harder, bone or tooth? why?
A
tooth.. its 70% inorganic (organic = type I collagen)
16
Q
where are minor salivary glands found?
A
in submuosa of lip, cheek, tongue, and palatine
16
Q
what types of secretory acini does the submandibular gland have?
A
mostly serous (some mucous); has serous demilunes
17
Q
what do mucous cells produce?
A
sialomucin and sulfomucin (glycoproteins)
18
Q
what are the three types of oral mucosa?
A
- Masticatory mucosa = keratinized or parakeratinized 2. Lining mucosa = non-keratinized 3. specialized mucosa
19
where do the ducts of the submandibular gland empty?
lateral to the frenulum of tongue (floor of tongue)
19
what is the morphology of lobar ducts?
stratified columnar
19
what cells modify IgA in the salivary gland? what is the result of the modification?
serous acinar take IgA --\> sIgA which is released into the lumen for immunologic protection
21
what is the ventral surface of the tongue like?
thin mucosa with smooth, non-keratinized epithelium (lining muosa)
21
what is the function of intercalated ducts?
collect secretions from acini and deliver to striated ducts; some modification of saliva
22
what type of tissue is gingiva?
EPITHELIUM (statified squamous KERATINIZED (Masticatory mucosa)
23
what is a demilune?
crescent shaped groups with mucous cells on inside and serous cells on outside
23
what cells secrete cementum?
cemtoblasts (= cementocytes after entrapped by cementum)
24
where is saliva from each lobule drained into? by what?
saliva is drained by striated ducts into interloular ducts (exceretory ducts)
25
what does the unique arrangement of the tongue muscles allow for?
flexibility and precise movement essential for speech
26
what defines the outer cutaneous surface of the lip?
thin skin = stratified squamous KERATINIZED epithelium with HAIR AND SWEAT GLANDS
26
which is the largest of the salivary glands? where is it located? where does its duct enter the oral cavity?
Parotid; in front of ear; duct enters at 2nd upper molar
26
what collects secretory product in the secretory unit of salivary glands?
intercalated ducts
26
what are the two types of cementum? how do they differ?
1. acellular: located near the enamel junction 2. cellular: in lower part of root, near apical foramen; contains cementocytes in lacunae with canaliculi (no haversian systems)
26
what is the morphology/amount of the intercalated ducts in the submandibular gland?
shorter & less extensive than in parotid
27
where are myoepithelium found?
surrounding the base of acini and intercalated ducts
28
what is a lobule?
multiple secretory units grouped together
30
what defines the vermlion (red) border of the lip?
keratinized epithelium with finger-like connective tissue projections from the lamina propria (stromal papillae) that brings capillaries near the surface
31
how does the gingiva connect to the tooth (enamel or cementum)?
hemidesmosomes (Cell to ECM)
32
where is the foramen cecum located?
posterior to the sulcus terminalis (V)
32
where are the tastebuds located on the fungiform papillae?
on the superior surface
33
what type of epithelium are found in intercalated ducts?
low, simple uboidal
35
where is lining mucosa found? what type of epithelium is it?
on lips, cheek, flood of mouth, inferior surface of tongue, soft palate (areas with little abrasion); non-keratinized ; ITS MOIST
36
what types of secretory acini does the sublingual gland have?
mostly mucous (some serous); has serous demilunes
37
what do odontoblasts produce?
dentin
38
what types of secretory acini does the parotid gland have?
ONLY serous
39
where are sublingual glands located? where do their ducts empty ?
located anterior to submandibular gland in the floor of the mouth; empty ducts on floor of the mouth
40
what produces enamel during development?
ameloblasts (degenerate once the enamel is fully formed.. about the time of tooth eruption)
41
what is the function "moat" associated with the circumvallate papillae
serous glands of von Ebner empty in here;
42
what do serous cells produce? what organelles are present?
RER + Golgi very present (produce proteins); produce watery secretion containing alpha amylase that breaks down 1-4 glycosidic bonds to begin digestion of CARBS also produce peroxidase and antimicrobial agents (lysozyme cystatin hystatin)
43
what is the function and morphology of neuroepithelial cells (of taste buds)
sensory cells; have apical microvillis (taste hairs); synapse on the afferent nerve terminals to transduce taste impulses
43
doe the volume of pulp cavity increase or decrease throughout life?
decreases \*because you make dentin your entire life
45
what is the dorsal surface of the tongue defined by?
specialized oral mucosa; thick muosa with keratinized epithelium and linual papillae
46
what are the types of secretory cells?
serous cells or mucous cells
48
Where is masticatory mucosa found? what type of epithelium is it?
on gingiva and hard palate; keratinized or parakeratinized (pyknotic nucleus) for abrasion of chewing
50
where are the tatebuds of circumvallate papillae located?
on the lateral surface that faces the "moat"
52
what are the directions of the muscles of the tongue?
arranges into bundles of 3 planes: longitudinal, vertical and horizontal perpendicular to eachother
53
is there adipose tissue present in the parotid gland?
Large amounts often present within the lobules
54
what type of tissue is in the pulp cavity?
loose CT + branches of nerves/ vessels, lined by odontoblasts on outer edge
55
what part of the tooth is covered in cementum?
root
56
what type of tissue is the periodontal ligament? where is it located?
dense CT; found between tooth cementum and alveolar bone
57
where do intercalated ducts drain into?
striated ducts
58
where to blood vessels/nerves enter the pulp cavity?
at the apical foramen
60
where are circumvallate papillae located? what are they associated with?
front of v-shaped sulcus terminalis; associated with ebner's glands
60
are there any gaps in the layers of the tooth (dentin and enamel/cementum)?
only one! at apical foramen
62
what is the morphology of the cells in striated ducts?
cuboidal/columnar
63
what part of the tooth is covered by enamel?
anatomical crown
64
what secretes lingual lipase?
von ebner glands (dump into moat of circumvallate)
65
what type of mucosa attaches to muscles and bone?
submucosa
66
How is dentin produced?
odontoblasts lining the pulp cavity secrete predentin (becomes dentin) and leave their processes embedded in the cavities of dentin as dentinal tubules which extend to the junction with enamel or cementum
68
what is the function of filiform papillae? where are they located? do they have tastebuds?
no tastebuds; all over the tongue; function to increase friction between the tongue and food
70
why are striated ducts striated?
due to folding of plasma membrane
71
what is the function of striated ducts? where are they located?
located intralobular; collect secretions from intercalated ducts; modifies saliva: (Na/Cl out of fluid, HCO3/K in to fluid)
72
what are enamel rods made of? what are enamel rods? what is lines of retzius?
calcium hydroxyapatite phosphate crystalite; basic unit of enamel; retzius = groups of enamel rods
73
what type of cells are found in intercalated ducts?
squamous
74
what are the three cell types in taste buds?
1. neuroepithelial 2. supporting 3. peripheral/basal stem type
75
what is the function of supporting cells of the tastebuds?
support the neuroepithelial cells; contain secretory granules, but have less numerous microvilli than neuroepi
76
cementum is similar to bone, except for that cementum is:
avascular and aneural
78
what surrounds the secretory portion of the salivary glands?
stroma = intralobular loose connective tissue with plasma cells
79
where are fungiform located?
scattered; but concentrated at the tip and lateral margins of the tongue
80
what is the morphology/amount of the intercalated ducts in the sublingual ducts?
short and difficult to locate
82
how many tastebuds per fungiform papillae?
on average 4
83
what is the function of gingiva?
prevent entrance of foreign materials into region between root and periodontal membrane
85
what are the minor salivary glands associated with the tongue? what type of gland?
lingual glands; mucous, serous, or mixed
86
what is the morphology/amount of the striated ducts in the sublingual gland?
not as prevalent
87
where are intercalated ducts located?
intralobular
89
what portion of the tongue is covered by the lingual papillae?
ONLY the anterior 2/3
90
salivary gland secretory unit
= acini (spherical or tubular) + intercalated duct + striated duct
91
what ducts are lined by CT?
extralobular ducts
92
what are some characteristic of enamel?
acellular 96-98% inorganic, only organic material = enamelin
93
what covers dentin? (more superficial)
enamel or cementem
95
what cells produce IgA in the salivary gland?
plasma cells
96
what papillae are associated with ebner's glands
circumvallate + folliate
97
what antimicrobial agents do serous cells produce?
cyastin hyastin lysozyme
98
how does the oral cavity provide immunological protection?
lymphatic tissue and secretory IgA
99
where is the secretory product of salivary glands modified to form saliva?
intercalated ducts and striated ducts
101
what are the 5 tastes?
salt, sweet, sour, umami, sour
102
where are excretory ducts located?
extralobular (in CT)
103
what material covers the pulp cavity?
dentin
104
what is the function of peridontal ligament?
helps attach tooth to the bone; serves as suspensory ligament and prevents crushing of soft tissue near apex of tooth (near apical foramen)
105
can cementum be laid down throughout life? if yes, how?
yes, appositional growth
106
what are the two divisions of the oral cavity?
1.Vestibule = between lips, cheeks, and teeth 2. space behind the teeth and bounded superiorly by hard and soft palates, posteriorly by oropharynx
107
what is lamina propria?
layer of loose CT with blood vessels and nerves that underly the epithelium of oral mucosa
108
what are stromal papillae? where are they found?
keratinized epithelium with finger-like connective tissue projections from the lamina propria ; in the vermilion of the lip
109
are striated ducts eosinophilic or basophilic? why?
esoinophilic.. have lots of mitocondria to pump ions (saliva is modified
110
is there adipose tissue present in the submandibular gland?
not as prevalent as in parotid
111
is there adipose tissue present in the sublingual gland?
not very prevalent
112
what is the morphology/amount of the striated ducts in the parotid gland?
large conspicuous
113
what part of the tooth extends above the gums?
clinical crown (part of the anatomical crown)
114
How do intralobular ducts modify salivary fluid?
secrete HCO3 (bicarb) and K + into the fluid to resorb (save) Na and Cl out of the fluid
115
where is special mucosa found? what type of epithelia?
on the dorsal surface of the tongue ONLY; keratinized with papillae and taste buds
116
what is the function of the von Ebner glands? and their secretion into the "circumvallate moat"
1. flush material from moat to enable the taste buds to respond rapidly to changing stimuli 2. secrete lingual lipase to begin the process of lipid hyrolysis
