Stomach And Duodenum

Question 1

The GI tract is essentially a hollow tube consisting of four concentric layers of tissue.

What are those layers?

Answer 1

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis propria
Serosa

Question 2

What layer consist of and epithelium supported by loose connective tissue of the laminate propria and a thin band of smooth muscle called the muscularis mucosae?

Answer 2

Mucosa

Question 3

This layer provides connective tissue support for the mucosa.

It contains the primary vascular and lymphatic channel, lymphoid follicles, and autonomic nerve plexuses.

Answer 3

Submucosa

Question 4

It is the major muscular structure of the bowel wall.

Answer 4

Muscularis propria

Question 5

It is the outer covering of the bowel.

Answer 5

Serosa or adventitious

Question 6

Where is the lymphoid tissue in the GI tract located?

Answer 6

Mucosa (epithelium and lamina propria), the submucosa, and mesenteric lymph nodes

Question 7

It refers to the region of the gastroesophageal junction.

Answer 7

Cardia

Question 8

It is the portion of the stomach above the level of the GEJ.

Answer 8

Fundus

Question 9

The body of the stomach is the central two-thirds portion from the cardia to the ________.

Answer 9

Incisura angularis

Question 10

It is the acute angle formed from the lesser curvature that marks the boundary between the body and the antrum.

Answer 10

Incisura angularis

Question 11

The parietal cells, which produce hydrochloric acid, and the chief cells, which produce pepsin precursors, are located where?

Answer 11

In the fundus and body

Question 12

The antrum is the distal one-third of the stomach and contains what cells?

Answer 12

Contains gastrin-producing cells but no acid secreting cells

Question 13

It is the junction of the stomach with the duodenum.

Answer 13

Pylorus

The pyloric canal is the channel through the pylorus

Question 14

It is the pyrimidal first portion of the duodenum.

Answer 14

The duodenal bulb or cap

The gallbladder frequently makes a prominent impression on top of the bulb.

The duodenal bulb, like the stomach, is covered on all surfaces by visceral peritoneum.

Question 15

The remainder of the duodenum is retroperitoneal.

Within what retroperitoneal compartment?

Answer 15

Anterior pararenal compartment

Question 16

The second or descending portion of the duodenum is lateral to what organ?

Answer 16

To the head of the pancreas

Question 17

The common bile duct and pancreatic duct pierce the medial aspect of the descending duodenum at what opening?

Answer 17

Ampulla of Vater

Question 18

What part of the duodenum passes to the left between the superior mesenteric vessels and the inferior vena cava and aorta?

Answer 18

Third or horizontal portion of the duodenum

Question 19

Part of the duodenum that ascends on the left side of the aorta to the level of L-2 and the ligament of Treitz, where it turns abruptly ventrally to form the duodenal-jejunal flexure.

Answer 19

Fourth or the ascending portion of the duodenum

Question 20

This refers to the detailed pattern of the gastric mucosa as demonstrate by double-contrast technique.

Answer 20

Areae gastricae

Question 21

This term refers to the gastric mucosal folds that produce distinct radiolucent ridges when the stomach is partially distended.

Answer 21

Rugae

Question 22

Rugae are composed of what layers?

Answer 22

Composed of mucosa, the lamina propria, the muscularis mucosae, and portions of the submucosa

Question 23

Rugae folds are most prominent in the fundus and proximal gastric body and are usually absent in the _____.

Answer 23

Antrum

Question 24

Part of the stomach that is attached to the liver by the lesser omentum.

Answer 24

Lesser curvature

Question 25

On CT, the normal gastric wall thickness when well distended in the antrum and body measures how many mm?

Answer 25

Antrum is 5 to 7 mm thick

Body is 2 to 3 mm thick

Question 26

The normal duodenal wall measures how many mm thick?

Answer 26

Less than 3 mm