Compartment Anatomy of the Abdomen and Pelvis Flashcards
What communicates around the liver with the anterior and posterior subhepatic space?
Right subphrenic space
The right subphrenic and subhepatic spaces communicate freely with the pelvic peritoneal cavity via?
Right paracolic gutter
The left subphrenic space communicates freely with what space?
Left subhepatic space
The left subphrenic space is separated from the right subphrenic space by what ligaments?
Falciform ligament
The left subphrenic space is separated from the left paracolic gutter by what ligament?
Phrenicocolic ligament
What space is a common location for abscesses and disease processes of the tail of the pancreas?
Left subphrenic space/ perisplenic space
What space is affected by diseases of the duodenal bulb, lesser curve of the stomach, gallbladder, and left lobe of the liver?
Left subhepatic space (gastrohepatic recess)
The caudal free end of the falciform ligament contains what ligament? Which is also a remnant of what embryological structure?
Ligamentum teres, which is a remnant of the obliterated umbilical vein.
Paraumbilical veins that enlarged within the falciform ligament are a specific sign of what disease?
Portal hypertension
What ligaments define the bare area of the liver?
Coronary ligaments
What ligaments reflect between the bare area of the liver and the diaphragm and prevent access of ascites and other intraperitoneal processes from covering the bare area of the liver?
Coronary ligaments
The lesser omentum is composed of what ligaments?
Gastrohepatic and hepatoduodenal ligaments
What structure suspends the stomach and the duodenal bulb from the inferior surface of the liver?
Lesser omentum
The lesser omentum separates what spaces? (Specifically)
It separates the gastrohepatic recess of the left subphrenic space from the lesser sac.
The lesser sac communicates with the rest of the peritoneal cavity only through what foramen?
Foramen of Winslow
Pathologic processes in the lesser sac usually occur because of disease in adjacent organs such as?
Stomach and pancreas
It is a double layer of peritoneum that hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach and descends in front of the abdominal viscera, separating bowel from the anterior abdominal wall.
Greater omentum
The retroperitoneal space between the diaphragm and pelvic brim is divided into what compartments?
Anterior pararenal, perirenal, and posterior pararenal compartments by the anterior and posterior renal fascia.
What space extends between the posterior parietal peritoneum and the anterior renal fascia.
Anterior pararenal space
The anterior pararenal space is bounded lateral by what fascia?
Lateroconal fascia
What structures are within the anterior pararenal space?
Pancreas, duodenal loop, and ascending and descending portions of the colon
What structures are within the perirenal space?
Kidney, adrenal gland, and perirenal fat
The anterior renal fascia consist of how layers of many connective tissue? How many layers of connective tissue in the posterior renal fascia?
Anterior renal fascia = 1
Posterior renal fascia = 2
The anterior layer of the posterior renal fascia is continuous with what structure?
Anterior renal fascia
The posterior layer of the posterior renal fascia is continuous with what structure?
Lateroconal fascia
What fascia usually prevents the spread of disease to the contralateral perirenal space?
Fascia surrounding aorta and vena cava
Fluid collections in the perirenal space are usually renal in origins, such as?
Infection, urinoma, and haemorrhage
What space is open superiorly to the bare area of the liver, allowing spread of disease processes (infection, tumour) between the kidney and liver?
Right perirenal space
It is a potential space , usually filled only with fat, extending from the posterior renal fascia to the transversalis fascia.
Posterior pararenal space
The posterior pararenal fat continues to the flank as seen in plain films of the abdomen as the ____________.
Properitoneal fat “stripe”
The posterior pararenal space is limited medially by the lateral edges of what structures?
Psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles
Isolated fluid collections in the posterior pararenal space are rare and commonly caused by what?
Spontaneous haemorrhage into the psoas muscle as a result of anticoagulation therapy
The pelvis is divided into three major anatomic compartments. What are those?
Peritoneal cavity, extraperitoneal space, and perineum
What cavity extends to the level of the vagina, forming the pouch of Douglas (cul-de-sac) in females, or to the level of the seminal vesicles, forming the rectovesical pouch in males?
Peritoneal cavity
This ligament serves as the anterior boundary of the rectouterine pouch of Douglas.
Broad ligaments
The broad ligament reflects over what structures?
Uterus, fallopian tubes, and parametrial uterine vessels
This space is continuous with the retroperitoneal space of the abdomen, extends to the pelvic diaphragm, and includes the retropubic space.
Extraperitoneal space of the pelvis
Another name of the retropubic space?
Space of Retzius (Cave of Retzius)
Pathologic processes from the pelvis spread preferentially into what compartment?
Retroperitoneal compartments of the abdomen
This compartment lies below the pelvic diaphragm.
Perineum
The anatomic landmark of the perineum.
Ischiorectal fossa
