Mesenteric Small Bowel, Colon, and Appendix

Question 1

The mesenteric small intestine is a tube approximately ___ meters long that lies totally within the greater peritoneal cavity.

Answer 1

7 meters long

Question 2

The small bowel mesentery is composed of what different structures?

Answer 2

Composed of connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels and is covered by peritoneum, which reflects from the posterior parietal peritoneum

Question 3

The root of the small bowel mesentery extends from where to where?

Answer 3

It extends obliquely from the ligament of Treitz, just left of the L2 vertebra, to the cecum, near the right sacroiliac joint.

Question 4

Difference between jejunum and ileum.

Answer 4

The jejunum has a feathery mucosal pattern, more prominent valvular conniventes, wider lumen, and a thicker wall.

The ileum has a less featured mucosal pattern, thinner, less frequent folds, narrower lime, thinner, less frequent folds, narrower lumen, and a thinner wall.

Question 5

This consists of the cecum and appendix, colon, rectum, and anal canal.

Answer 5

Large intestine

Question 6

The large intestine is approximately how many meters in length from the ileum to the anus?

Answer 6

1.5 m

Question 7

The large intestine is characterized by the _________, three longitudinal bands of muscle that traverse the colon shortening it to form the haustra, the sacculations created by puckering of the bowel wall.

Answer 7

Taenia coli

Question 8

The _______ and ______ absorb water from the highly liquid material received from the ileum.

Answer 8

Cecum and ascending colon

Question 9

It is a large blind pouch that extends below the level of the ileocecal valve.

Answer 9

Cecum

The cecum generally lies in the right iliac fossa but may be quite mobile.

It is covered on all sides by peritoneum (intraperitoneal), may be fixed extraperitoneally, covered only on its ventral surface by peritoneum.

Question 10

It is a long worm-like tube that hangs from near the apex of the cecum.

Answer 10

Appendix

Question 11

The ________ is extraperitoneal, lying in the anterior pararenal space, covered only on its central surface by the peritoneum.

Answer 11

Ascending colon

Question 12

The hepatic flexors forms two curves. What are these curves?

Answer 12

The proximal, more posterior curve is closely related to the descending duodenum and right kidney.

The more distal anterior curve is closely related to the gallbladder.

Question 13

This structure is intraperitoneal and suspended from the transverse mesocolon that arises from the peritoneum covering the pancreas and sweeps transversely across the upper abdomen.

Answer 13

Transverse colon

Question 14

This structure limits the superior extent of the small bowel loops.

Answer 14

Transverse mesocolon

Question 15

This colonic structure is closely related to the tail of the pancreas and the caudal aspect of the spleen.

Answer 15

Splenic flexors

Question 16

The splenic flexure is anchored to the diaphragm by what ligament?

Answer 16

Phrenicocolic ligament

Which serves as a boundary between disease processes of the left subphrenic space the left paracolic gutter.

Question 17

The sigmoid colon penetrates the peritoneum at the level of vertebrae _______ to continue as the extraperitoneal rectum.

Answer 17

S-2 to S-4

Question 18

The rectums extends approximately how many cm?

Answer 18

12 cm

Question 19

Peritoneum forming the ___________ covers the ventral and lateral aspects of the rectum.

Answer 19

Pouch of Douglas

Question 20

The anal canal is approximately how many cm long?

Answer 20

3 to 4 cm

It is invested by the sphincter ani and lavator ani muscles.

Question 21

A series of vertical folds in the rectum forms the ________.

Answer 21

Rectal columns of Morgagni

Beneath of which are the veins that when dilated are hempprhoids.

Question 22

The thickness of the wall of the normal colon does not exceed ____ mm.

Answer 22

5 mm

Question 23

Where does the appendix arise?

Answer 23

From the posteromedial aspect of the cecum at the junction of the taenia coli, approximately 1 to 2 cm below the ileocecal valve.

Question 24

It is a blind-ended tube that is 4 to 5 mm in diameter and approximately 8 cm in diameter in length.

Answer 24

Appendix

May be up to 30 cm long.

Question 25

A posterior position of the ileocecal valve indicates what position of the appendix?

Answer 25

Posterior position of the appendix

The appendix always arises from the cecum on the same side of as the ileocecal valve.

Question 26

On CT, US, and MR, the appendix appears as a thin-walled tube less than ____ mm in diameter.

Answer 26

6 mm