Stomach Anatomy

Question 1

What does the area where the fundus meets the left

side of the Gastroesophageal junction called?

Answer 1

The angle of His.

Question 2

What are the boundaries of the stomach?

Answer 2

• Superior: Diaphragm + esophagus
• Anterior: Left lobe of liver
• Inferior: Transverse colon + greater omentum
• Left lateral: Spleen
• Posterior: Pancreas and duodenum surrounding it + kidneys + lesser peritoneal sac + the lesser omental bursa.
• The stomach lies on: pancreas, spleen, transverse colon, and a portion of the kidney and suprarenal glands.

Question 3

The stomach is attached to the

transverse colon by what ?

Answer 3

Gastrocolic omentum

Question 4

The lesser curvature of the stomach is tethered to the liver by what ?

Answer 4

hepatogastric ligament (the lesser omentum or pars flaccida).

Question 5

What is the consistently largest artery to the stomach?

Answer 5

The left gastric artery

Question 6

From the gastrohepatic ligament (lesser omentum) to the left side of the liver are usually supplied by which artery?

Answer 6

Left gastric artery

Question 7

What is the second largest artery to the stomach ?

Answer 7

Right gastroepiploic artery

Question 8

What is the blood supply of the stomach?

Answer 8

Mainly: 
1- Left gastric artery.
2- right gastric artery.
3- Right gastroepiploic artery.
4- Left gastroepiploic artery.
5- Short gastric artery.

Question 9

From where does the left gastric artery arises ?

Answer 9

Celiac trunk

Question 10

From where does the right gastric artery arises ?

Answer 10

Hepatic artery

Question 11

From where does the right gastroepiploic (gastro-omental)

artery arises ?

Answer 11

Gastroduodenal artery

Question 12

From where does the left gastroepiploic (gastro-omental)

artery arises ?

Answer 12

splenic artery

Question 13

What are the veins draining the stomach and where does each one drains ?

Answer 13

• Right gastric vein: Portal
• Left gastric vein: Portal
• Right gastroepiploic vein : Superior mesenteric
• Left gastroepiploic vein: Splenic
• Short: Splenic

Question 14

To what nodes does the cardia of the stomach and the medial half of the corpus commonly drains into?

Answer 14

drain to nodes along the left gastric and celiac axis.

Question 15

To what nodes does the lesser curvature side of the antrum commonly drains into?

Answer 15

drains to the right gastric and pyloric nodes.

Question 16

To what nodes does the greater curvature half

of the distal stomach commonly drains into?

Answer 16

drains to the nodes along the right gastroepiploic

chain.

Question 17

To what nodes does the proximal greater curvature side of the stomach commonly drains into?

Answer 17

drains into nodes along the left gastroepiploic

or splenic hilum.

Question 18

To what nodes does the nodes along both the greater and lesser curvature commonly drains into?

Answer 18

drain into the celiac nodal basin.

Question 19

What are the layers of the gastric wall ?

Answer 19

from inside towards outside:

• Mucosa
• Submucosa
• Muscularis propria (muscularis externa).
• Serosa (visceral peritoneum).

Question 20

What does the splenic artery supplies?

Answer 20

Spleen

Question 21

What does the hepatic artery supplies?

Answer 21

Liver

Question 22

What does the gastroduodenal artery supplies?

Answer 22

Duodenum
Stomach
Liver

Question 23

What does the right gastric artery supplies?

Answer 23

lesser curvature

Question 24

What does the left gastric artery supplies?

Answer 24

lesser curvature

Question 25

What does the right gastroepiploic artery supplies?

Answer 25

greater curvature and stomach corpus

Question 26

What does the left gastroepiploic artery supplies?

Answer 26

Stomach corpus /body

Question 27

What is the lesser omentum?

Answer 27

It is the double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach (hepatogastric ligament) and the first part of the duodenum (hepatoduodenal ligament).

Question 28

How does the vagus nerve enters the mediastinum?

Answer 28

From the vagal nucleus in the floor of the fourth
cerebral ventricle, the vagus traverses the neck in the carotid
sheath and enters the mediastinum

Question 29

The vagus nerve has branches that come together again above the esophageal hiatus and form what nerves?

Answer 29

The left (anterior) and right (posterior)
vagal trunks (mnemonic LARP).

Question 30

What is the innervation of the liver in the gastrohepatic ligament, and the lesser curvature of the stomach ?

Answer 30

The anterior nerve of Latarjet, which is a branch of the anterior vagus nerve.

Question 31

What is the branch that the posterior vagus sends to the posterior fundus ?

Answer 31

The criminal nerve of Grassi.

Question 32

What is the esophageal hiatus?

Answer 32

It is an opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus and the vagus nerve pass (At T10).

Question 33

Which nerve that is easily missed during

truncal or highly selective vagotomy (HSV) ?

Answer 33

The criminal nerve of Grassi.

Question 34

What is the role of vagus nerve in the stomach?

Answer 34

• Affect secretion (including acid).
• Motor function.
• Mucosal blood flow and cytoprotection.
• Play a role in appetite control.
• Mucosal immunity and inflammation.

Question 35

What is the lining of the gastric mucosa ?

Answer 35

lined with columnar epithelial cells of various types.

Question 36

What composes the mucosa of the stomach?

Answer 36

The epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis

mucosa.

Question 37

What is the function of the mucus-secreting surface epithelial cells (SECs)?

Answer 37

Secrete bicarbonate and play an important role in

protecting the stomach from injury due to acid, pepsin, and/or ingested irritants.

Question 38

What are the content of the submucosa?

Answer 38

• Branching blood vessels.
• Lymphatics.
• Collagen.
• Various inflammatory cells.
• Nerve fibers.
• Ganglion cells of Meissner’s autonomic submucosal plexus.