Mix surgical info Flashcards
What is the trauma triad of death ?
- Coagulopathy.
- Metabolic acidosis.
- Hypothermia.
What is Courvoisier’s law ?
The law states that in the presence of a palpably enlarged gallbladder which is non-tender and accompanied with mild painless jaundice, the cause is unlikely to be gallstones.
LSG ports insertion sites?
- 2X 12mm port: bilateral at midclavicular line 4 cm away from the umbilicus.
- 2X 5mm port: at anterior axillary line 4 cm away from the 12mm port bilaterally.
- 1X 5mm port: between the 2X 12mm ports 2cm away from the umbilicus to the right side.
What is a Veress needle or Veres needle ?
It is a spring-loaded needle used to create pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery.
what is the type of gas usually used for laparoscopic procedures ?
carbon dioxide
What are the layers of the abdomen?
- Skin.
- Camper’s fascia (fatty layer of superficial fascia).
- Scarpa’s fascia (membraneous layer of superficial fascia).
- External oblique muscle.
- Internal oblique muscle.
- Transversus abdominis muscle.
- Fascia trasversalis.
- Extra peritoneal tissue.
- Parietal layer of peritoneum.
What is an Omphalolith?
It is an umbilical stone/ calculus due to accumulation of sebum and keratin.
What are the scalp layers ?
Skin Connective tissue (dense) Aponeurotic layer Loose connective tissue Pericranium
When should sutures be removed?
- Face : 3-5 days.
- Neck : 7 days.
- Scalp: 7-10 days.
- Arm: 7-10 days.
- Trunk: 10-14 days.
- Legs 10-14 days.
- Hand or feet : 10-14 days.
- palms or soles : 14 - 21 days.
What vaccines are needed after splenectomy?
- Pneumococcal
- Meningococcal
- Haemophilus influenzae (Hib)
Name the Spleen ligaments
- The gastrosplenic ligament
- The splenorenal ligament
- The phrenicocolic ligament
What are the complications of splenectomy ?
- Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI), also known as postsplenectomy sepsis syndrome.
- Portal vein thrombosis.
- Hernia at the incision site.
- Infection at the incision site.
- Tail of pancreas inury –> Pancreatitis.
- Injury to the pancreas, stomach, and colon.
- Intra/post- operative hemorrhage.
How many throws does it take to tie a secure knot
- Silk: 3
- Vicryl: 4
- PDS ( polydioxanone) : 5
- Prolene: 6
What are the retroperitoneal zones?
- Zone 1 or the central zone:
Delimited by the diaphragm above and reaches the aortic bifurcation below. It includes the aorta, the origin of the large vessels, the duodenum and the pancreas.
- Zones 2, or the lateral zones:
are the areas between the diaphragm and the aortic bifurcation, delimited medially by the renal vessels and laterally with Toldt’s fascia, so they therefore encompass the adrenal glands, kidneys, renal vessels, ureters, and a portion of ascending and descending colon. - Zone 3, or the pelvic zone:
is delimited by the aortic bifurcation above. It includes the iliac vessels, distal ureters, distal sigmoid colon and the rectum.
What are the most frequently affected retroperitoneal organs in trauma?
The kidney has been described as the most frequently affected retroperitoneal organ (18%), followed by the pancreas (3.7%) and the aorta (1%), with a predominance of blunt trauma over penetrating.
