Stomach

Question 1

stomach + location

Answer 1

intraperitoneal digestive organ located between the oesophagus and duodenum

Question 2

stomach shape and surfaces

Answer 2

J shape
lesser and greater curvature
anterior and posterior surfaces are smoothly rounded, with a peritoneal covering

Question 3

four main anatomical divisions

Answer 3

cardia, fundus, body and pylorus

Question 4

cardia

Answer 4

surrounds superior opening of the stomach at T11 level

Question 5

fundus

Answer 5

rounded, often gas filled portion superior to and left of the cardia

Question 6

body

Answer 6

large central portion inferior to the fundus

Question 7

pylorus

Answer 7

area connecting stomach to the duodenum.
divided into pyloric antrum, pyloric canal and pyloric sphincter.
pyloric sphincter demarcates transpyloric plane at L1.

Question 8

greater curvature of the stomach - curves and supply

Answer 8

long, convex, lateral border of the stomach
arises at cardiac notch, reaches pyloric antrum
supplied by short gastric arteries and right and left gastro-omental arteries

Question 9

lesser curvature of the stomach - curves, attachment and supply

Answer 9

shorter, concave, medial border of stomach
angular notch indicates junction of body and pyloric region
attaches to hepatogastric ligament
supplied by left gastric artery and right gastric branch of hepatic artery

Question 10

angular notch

Answer 10

junction of body and pyloric region

Question 11

superior relations of the stomach

Answer 11

oesophagus and left dome of diaphragm

Question 12

anterior relations of the stomach

Answer 12

diaphragm, greater omentum, anterior abdominal wall, left lobe of liver, gall bladder

Question 13

posterior relations of the stomach

Answer 13

lesser sac, pancreas, left kidney, left adrenal gland, spleen, splenic artery, transverse mesocolon

Question 14

2 sphincters of the stomach

Answer 14

inferior oesophageal
pyloric
located at orifices
control passage of material entering and exiting

Question 15

inferior oesophageal sphincter

Answer 15

oesophagus passes through diaphragm at T10.
sphincter is at T11.
allows food to pass through cardiac orifice
not under voluntary control

Question 16

pyloric sphincter

Answer 16

between pylorus and first part of duodenu,
controls exit of chyme (food and gastric acid mixture)
anatomical sphincter contains smooth muscle which constricts
intermittent emptying when intragastric pressure overcomes pyloric resistance
gastric peristalsis

Question 17

chyme

Answer 17

food and gastric acid

Question 18

where does arterial supply of the stomach come from?

Answer 18

coeliac trunk and its branches

Question 19

arterial supply of the stomach

Answer 19

right gastric - branch of common hepatic artery from coeliac trunk (lesser curvature)
left gastric - directly from coeliac trunk (lesser curvature)
right gastro-omental - terminal branch of gastroduodenal artery from common hepatic artery (greater curvature)
left gastro-omental - branch of splenic artery from coeliac trunk (greater curvature)

Question 20

venous supply of the stomach

Answer 20

run parallel to the arteries
right and left gastric veins drain into hepatic portal vein
short gastric vein, left and right gastro-omental veins drain into superior mesenteric vein

Question 21

innervation of the stomach

Answer 21

autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic nerve supply: anterior and posterior vagal trunks (vagus nerve, CNX)
sympathetic nerve supply: T6-T9 spinal cord segments, passes to coeliac plexus via greater sphlanchic nerve. carries pain transmitting fibres

Question 22

lymphatics of the stomach

Answer 22

travel with arteries
drain into gastric and gastro-omental lymph nodes
efferent vessels from these nodes connect to coeliac lymph nodes on posterior abdominal wall