Pharynx Flashcards
pharynx
muscular tube connecting oral and nasal cavity to larynx and oesophagus
beginning and end
begins at base of the skull
ends at inferior border of cricoid cartilage (C6)
parts of pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
location of nasopharynx
between base of skull and soft palate. continuous with nasal cavity
function of nasopharynx
condition inspired air and propagate it into the larynx
lining and content of nasopharynx
respiratory epithelium: ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium w/ goblet cells
posterosuperior nasopharynx contains adenoid tonsils
oropharynx location
between soft palate and superior border of epiglottis
oropharynx contents
posterior 1/3 of tongue
lingual tonsils - lymphoid tissue at base of tongue
palatine tonsils - lymphoid tissue located in tonsillar fossa
superior constrictor muscle
waldeyer’s ring
ring of lymphoid tissue in naso and oropharynx formed by paired palatine tonsils, adenoid tonsils and lingual tonsil
laryngopharynx location
between superior border of epiglottis and inferior border of cricoid cartilage (C6). continuous inferiorly with oesophagus
posterior to larynx
communication of larynx and laryngopharynx
via laryngeal inlet, lateral to piriform fossae
laryngopharynx contents
middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors
two groups of pharyngeal muscles and their innervation
longitudinal and circular
vagus nerve
stylopharyngeus - glossopharyngeal nerve
circular muscles
superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors
incomplete muscular circle as they attach anteriorly to neck structures
contraction of circular muscles
sequentially, from superior to inferior to constrict lumen
superior pharyngeal constrictor location, origin and insertion
oropharynx
originates from pterygomandibular ligament, alveolar process of mandible and medial pterygoid plate and pterygoid hamulus of sphenoid bone
inserts posteriorly into pharyngeal tubercle of occiput and median pharyngeal raphe
middle pharyngeal constrictor location, origin and insertion
laryngopharynx
originates from stylohyoid ligament and horns of hyoid bone
inserts posteriorly pharyngeal raphe
inferior pharyngeal constrictor location, origins and insertion
laryngopharynx superior component (thyropharyngeus): oblique fibres attaching to thyroid cartilage inferior component (cricopharyngeus): horizontal fibres attaching to cricoid cartilage
what are pharyngeal constrictors innervated by?
vagus nerve
longitudinal muscles functions
shorten and widen pharynx, and elevate larynx during swallowing
stylopharyngeus
arises from styloid process of temporal bone
inserts into pharynx
innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve
palatopharyngeus
arises from hard palate, inserts into pharynx
innervated by vagus nerve
salpingopharyngeus
arises from eustachian tube, inserts into pharynx
innervated by vagus nerve
pharyngeal plexus
achieves motor and sensory innervation for most of the pharynx
formed by:
pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal nerve
pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve
branches from external laryngeal nerve
sympathetic fibres from superior cervical ganglion
sensory innervation of sections of the pharynx
nasopharynx - maxillary nerve
oropharynx - glossopharyngeal nerve
laryngopharynx - vagus nerve
motor innervation of the pharynx
all muscles innervated by vagus nerve
stylopharyngeus innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve
arterial supply to the pharynx
branches of external carotid artery:
ascending pharyngeal artery
branches of facial artery
branches of lingual and maxillary arteries
venous drainage of pharynx
pharyngeal venous plexus, drains into internal jugular vein
