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Histology-2 > Stomach > Flashcards

Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the stomach?

A

Storage of food
Food digestion by secretion of HCl and enzymes
Regulation of GI function through endocrine secretion

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2
Q

What are the anatomical regions of the stomach?

A

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus

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3
Q

What are the histological regions of the stomach?

A

Cardiac (cardia glands)
Fundic (fundic glands)
Pyloric (pyloric glands)

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4
Q

What are the layers of the stomach?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa-DICT, Meissner’s plexus
Muscularis externa
Serosa - CT, mesothelium

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5
Q

What is unique to the muscularis externa layer of the stomach?

A 
Made of 3 layers of muscle instead of 2
Inner oblique layer
Middle circular layer
Outer longitudinal layer
The Auerbach’s plexus is still located between the circular and longitudinal layer
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6
Q

What are the characteristics of the epithelium of gastric mucosa?

A

Simple columnar epithelium
Made of single cell type= surface mucous cell which produce insoluble mucus for protection against acid
Possess gastric pits which are invagination of epithelium and are permanent compare to the rugae

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa?

A 
Contains different glands:
Fundic glands
Cardiac glands
Pyloric glands
Lymphoid tissue which surrounds the glands
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8
Q

What are the regions of the fundic glands?

A

Isthmus-apical portion
Neck- Principal piece
Base- adjacent to the muscularis mucosae

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9
Q

What are the cells of the fundic glands?

A 
Parietal cells
Gastric chief cells
Mucous neck cells
Progenitor cells
Enteroendocrine cells
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10
Q

What are the characteristics of the parietal cells?

A

Located in the neck and base of the fundic glands
Large, pyramidal shape, fried egg appearance
Have numerous mitochondria
Secrete HCl and Intrinsic factor
When actively secreting apical part contains intracellular canaliculi with microvilli
When resting apical part contains tubulovesicular system (membrane storage)

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11
Q

What are the clinical correlation of parietal cells?

A

Deficiency of parietal cells(ie pts w chronic gastritis) No intrinsic factor produced causes inhibition of hemoglobin formation leading to pernicious anemia (B12)
Gastric ulcer occurs when the epithelial protective barrier is impaired by HCl and can penetrate deep if untreated and lead to peritonitis

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of gastric chief cells?

A

Located at the base of the gland
Secrete pepsinogen(inactive), Pepsin(active)
Have abundant RER, apical secretory granules

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of the mucous neck cell?

A 
Located at the neck of the gland
Secrete soluble mucus
Cells are small
Heterochromatic nucleus
Mucinogen granules
frothy cytoplasm
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14
Q

What are the characteristics of enteroendocrine cells?

A

Located mostly at the base
Small cells
Secrete GI hormones such as gastrin, ghrelin (regulate hunger) into lamina propria
Cell structure:
Microvilli on the laminal surface
Numerous secretory granules at the base of the cell

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of the progenitor cells?

A 
Undifferentiated cell
Located at the isthmus
Precursor for:
Surface mucous cells-short lifespan 3-5 days
Gland cells-long lifespan 6-8 months
Seen as mitotic figures
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16
Q

What are the characteristics of cardiac glands?

A 
Distibution as a narrow ring around the esophageal orifice
Function in the production of mucus and protect against acid reflux
Structure:
branched tubular glands
Mucous glands
Basaa nucleus
Mucinogen granules
No parietal/chief cells
17
Q

What are the characteristics of the pyloric glands?

A 
Found in the pyloric antrum
Function in production of mucus
Structure:
Branched coiled tubular
Mucous glands
Basal nucleus
Mucinogen granules
No parietal/chiefs cells
18
Q

What are the different malignant tumors of the stomach?

A

Carcinoma- from surface epithelial cells associated with intestinal metaplasia
Adenocarcinoma_ from glandular epithelium
Stages:
Early-penetrate into submucosa, good prognosis
Late-penetrate into muscularis externa, poor prognosis

Histology-2 (6 decks)

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