Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What are the components of the cardiovascular system?
Transport system that carries blood and lymph
Consists of heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
What are the layers of the heart wall?
epicardium- outermost (visceral serous)
Myocardium- forms bulk of the heart
Endocardium- innermost
What are the components of the epicardium? Myocardium? Endocardium?
Epicardium:
Mesothelial lining
Connective tissue (adipose tissue,nerves, blood vessels)
Large vessels are embedded in the epicardial fat
Myocardium has cardiac muscle and purkinje fibers
Endocardium:
Endothelium that line vessels and prevent clotting of blood
Subendothelial connective tissue
Impulse conducting system
What are the components of the cardiac conducting system?
Purkinje fibers - modified cardiac conducting cells, have a lot glycogen and few myofibrils. Loss some of their actin and myosin and stain pale
Nodes- organized structures, sinoatrial and atrioventricular
What are the characteristics of the fibrous skeleton of the heart ?
4 fibrous rings:
Pulmonary valve-anterior, left an right leaflets
Aortic valve-posterior, left and right leaflets
Left av ring-mitral or bicuspid valve
Right AV ring-tricuspid valve
Fibrous trigone:
Left separates aortic and mitral valves
Right separates aortic and tricuspid valves
What are the different valve layers?
Atrialis- atrial side
Spongiosa- core, high concentration of elastin
Fibrosa-ventricular side
What are the characteristics of a mitral prolapse?
Common valve pathology
Caused by abnormal collagen fibers in the valve and mutations of elastic proteins (fibrillin) associated with Marfan syndrome
What are the characteristics of a myocardial infarction?
Obstruction of coronary arteries
Loss of blood supply for more than 20 mins
Irreversible
Caused by blockage and ischemia of blood vessels
What are the characteristics of viral myocarditis? Myxoma?
Inflammation of the myocardium by a virus
Reversible condition
Myxoma-Benign tumor
What are the different layers of arteries and veins?
Tunica intima-endothelium
Tunica media-smooth muscle
Tunica adventitia- connective tissue
